在台灣本島，緣點白粉蝶 (P. canidia (Sparrman, 1768) )與白粉蝶 ( P. rapae crucivora Boisduval, 1836) 皆被視為十字花科蔬菜的重要害蟲。自有採集記錄以來，前者一向被視為原生物種，而後者據推測乃自日本意外引入的外來物種。本研究以粒線體DNA之COI基因部分片段序列分析並比較兩種白粉蝶在島內之族群遺傳結構以及與台灣以外地區族群之親緣關係。根據分析結果，原生的緣點白粉蝶在台灣島內之族群間基因流傳相當順暢 (Nm＝1.17-292)，其族群內平均基因型歧異度 (h＝0.372) 與核酸歧異度 (π＝0.00057) 偏低。外來的白粉蝶之島內族群間基因流傳亦順暢 (Nm＝0.84-59.67)，但各族群內基因型歧異度 (h＝0.792) 與核酸歧異度 (π＝0.003) 卻較日本族群 (h＝0.216, π＝0.00039) 為高。這樣的結果顯然並不符合創始者效應的預測。利用鄰近歸群法重建之親緣關係樹顯示，台灣、中國大陸以及日本之白粉蝶基因型呈現互相交錯混雜的狀態。台灣產族群同時擁有中國大陸與日本的部分基因型。日本之各族群內與族群間之遺傳歧異度亦偏低。因此台灣島內之白粉蝶族群可能由多重入侵事件所建立，其來源地區可能包括中國大陸與日本等地區，而非過去所認為的由日本的單次引入事件。

On Taiwan Island, Pieris canidia (Sparrman, 1768) and P. rapae crucivora Boisduval, 1836 are two species of devastating agricultural pests cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae). The former is always considered a native species in Taiwan, while the latter was suggested to be incidentally invaded from Japan during 1960s. If P. rapae is indeed an invasive species, it should be subject to the founder effects which may reduce genetic divergence among the new populations. The present study is aimed to compare the population structure of two species in Taiwan and their phylogenetic relationships with populations of the surrounding areas using a fragment of COI gene. The results show high degree of gene flow between populations (Nm＝1.17-292) and the degree of haplotype diversity （h=0.372） and nucleotide deivesity (π＝0.00057) within populations of the native species of P. canidia in Taiwan was low. Gene flow (Nm＝0.84-59.67) is fluent between populations ofthe invasive species of P. rapae in Taiwan, with higher degree of haplotype diversity （h=0.792） and nucleotide deivesity (π＝0.003) within populations than those of populations of Japan (h＝0.216, π＝0.00039). This result does not agree with what should be expected in a population under founder effect. By using neighbor-joining analysis to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship it revealed that showed intermixed haplotypes of the P. rapae populations are found in Taiwan, Japan and China. Haplotypes found in Taiwan include a few found only in Japan or mainland China The degree of haplotype diversity and nucleotide deivesity within populations of P. rapae in Japan is low. It is suggested that the population of P. rapae in Taiwan was constructed by multiple invasion events from China and Japan, rather than a single invasion event from Japan.

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