愛德華‧薩依德 (Edward Wadie Said, 1935-2003)，當代國際上具有影響力的文化與文學學者；1957年畢業於美國普林斯頓大學，1960年與1964年先後取得美國哈佛大學英文碩士、博士學位，1963年起任教於美國哥倫比亞大學，教授英語與比較文學。薩依德長期以知識分子的身分參與巴勒斯坦的政治活動，同時執筆不輟，發表多本論著、研究，開啟了後殖民理論的濫觴；除此之外，薩依德也是一位音樂評論家，他學習鋼琴、研究歌劇、談論音樂，一生都牽繫著音樂，並在晚年時創辦了「西東詩集管弦樂團」(West-Eastern Divan Orchestra)，關注了中東的音樂教育，並將音樂興趣實踐於樂團發展、推廣之上。

本研究將完整探討薩依德的音樂養成與經驗，窺探他如何從對音樂的興趣，發展至對音樂的闡發與貢獻，例如：發表音樂評論、在美國加州大學爾灣分校的韋禮克圖書館系列講座發表批判文學與音樂學的跨領域演講，以及在學術著述上援引音樂為例，或音樂內容為證等等；在最後一章將論述他與國際知名鋼琴家與指揮家巴倫波因 (Daniel Barenboim, 1942- ) 的音樂合作，尤其是在1999年他們攜手創立了管弦樂團，讓多國的年輕音樂家，透過跨文化的音樂合作，達到和平對話的願望。

本文希冀透過一個巴勒斯坦裔的美國知識分子為例，藉由他文化、他民族的議題，和國際重要學者的觀點以及成功典範，能給予臺灣的音樂學研究一個靜觀且具可能性的開闊涵養之瑣屑貢獻。

Edward Wadie Said (1935-2003), one of the most influential cultural and literary scholars on contemporary, graduated from Princeton University (the United States) in 1957. He has gotten MA in English literature from Harvard University in 1960 and PhD in English literature from Columbia University in 1964, and taught English and Comparative Literature in Columbia University from 1963. Said had been participated Palestinian political activities over ten years as an intellectual, while didn’t stop writing and published many books and research, opened Post-colonial theory. In addition, Said was also a music critic. He learnt how to play piano, studied opera, discussed about music; he was involved in music in his whole life. He founded the “West-Eastern Divan Orchestra” in his later years, also expended much time and thought on musical education in the Middle East, and put his musical interest in practice by developing and promoting the Orchestra.

This study will expound Said’s musical experiences abundantly and exquisitely, and also make a thorough inquiry how Said heading his musical experiences to musical elaborations and contributions, including many articles of music review and keynote speech (The Annual Wellek Library Lecture Series at the University of California, Irvine) of cross-subject between Comparative Literature and Musicology, citing scholarly writings from musical example, using music as evidence…etc. In last chapter, this study will elaborate the collaboration between internationally renowned pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim (1942- ) and Said in music. Especially they established an orchestra to let the young musicians all around the world have cross-cultural cooperation through the music to achieve peaceful dialogue in 1999.

Using a Palestinian-American intellectual as an example, this study hope to give Taiwanese Musicology study a trivial contribution to broaden the possibility of contemplation through other cultures, nation’s issues and successful examples of important international perspectives and scholars.

一、中文專書

朱剛。《薩伊德》。臺北：生智出版，1997。

朱嘉英 編。《寫作力》。臺北：麥田出版，2013。

單德興。《薩依德在台灣》。臺北：允晨文化出版，2011。

馮效剛。《音樂批評導論》。安徽：安徽文藝出版，2002。

楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》。臺北：美樂出版，2003，八版。

賴麗琇。《德國文化史》。臺北：中央圖書出版，2002。

顏綠芬。《音樂評論──歷史、人物、理論、實例》。臺北：美樂出版，2003。

二、翻譯專書

Adorno, Theodor W.《貝多芬：阿多諾的音樂哲學》(Beethoven: Philosophie der Musik)。彭淮棟 譯。臺北：聯經出版，2009。

Chartier, Roger.《書籍的秩序：歐洲的讀者、作者與圖書館（14-18世紀）》(L'ordre des livres: lecteurs, auteurs, bibliothèques en Europe entre XIVe et XVIIIe sièce: Alinéa)。謝柏暉 譯。臺北：聯經出版，2012。

Guertin, Ghyslaine.《顧爾德面面觀》(Glenn Gould, Pluriel)。魏柯玲、劉莉 譯。臺北：世界文物出版，1994。

Lewin, Michael.《巴倫波因的音樂生涯》(Daniel Barenboim: A Life in Muisc)。郭思蔚 譯。臺北：普洛文化出版，1994。

McClary, Susan.《陰性終止：音樂學的女性主義批評》(Feminine Endings: Music, Gender and Sexuality)。張馨濤 譯。臺北：商周出版，2003。

Montefiore, Simon.《耶路薩冷三千年》(Jerusalem: The Biography)。黃煜文 譯。臺北：究竟出版，2013。

Rwich Nancy.《十九世紀最偉大的女鋼琴家──克拉拉‧舒曼》(Clara Schumann: the artist and the woman)。陳秋萍、游淑峰 譯。臺北：高談文化出版，2004，三版。

Said, Edward Wadie & Barsamian, David.《文化與抵抗：巴勒斯坦之音的絕響》(Cultureand Resistance: Conversations with Edward W. Said)。梁永安 譯。臺北：立緒文化出版，2004。

Said, Edward Wadie & Barenboim, Daniel.《並行與弔詭：薩依德與巴倫波因對談錄》(Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society)。吳家恆 譯。臺北：麥田出版，2006。

Said, Edward Wadie.《文化與帝國主義》(Culture and Imperialism)。蔡源林 譯。臺北：立緒出版，2000。

──.《知識分子論》(Representations of the Intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures)。單德興 譯。臺北：麥田出版，2011。

──.《鄉關何處》(Out of Place: A Memoir)。彭淮棟 譯。臺北：立緒文化出版，2000。

──.《論晚期風格──反常合道的音樂與文學》(On late style: Music and Literature Against the Grain)。彭淮棟 譯。臺北：麥田出版，2010。

──.《音樂的極境：薩依德音樂評論集》(Music at the Limits)。彭淮棟 譯。臺北：太陽社出版，2009。

Gray, Ann.《文化研究 : 民族誌方法與生活文化》。許夢芸譯。臺北：韋伯文化國際出版，2008。

Viswanathan, Gauri.《權力、政治與文化：薩依德訪談集》(Power Politics and Culture)。單德興 譯。臺北：麥田出版，2012，二版。

音樂之友社 編。《華格納》。林勝儀 譯。臺北：美樂出版，1999。

──。《威爾第／浦契尼》。林勝儀 譯。臺北：美樂出版，2010。

三、外文專書

Barenboim, Daniel. Music Quickens Time London: Verso Press, 2009.

Cheah, Elena. An Orchestra Beyond Borders: Voices of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. London: Verso Press, 2009.

Said, Edward Wadie. & Barenboim, Daniel. Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society. London: Bloomsbury Press,2004.

Said, Edward Wadie. Out of Place: A Memoir. New York: Vintage Books Press, 2000.

──. Musical Elaborations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

四、中文期刊、雜誌

王賀白。〈周遭暴虐的無言見證──從〔西東詩篇管絃樂團〕看以色列與巴勒斯坦的衝突〉。《通識教育與多元文化學報》，第二期（2011）：81-102。

袁志英。〈歌德的東方情結──讀歌德的《西東合集》〉。《文匯讀書週報》。數位檔刊登於上海圖書館上海科學技術情報研究所。http://www.library.sh.cn。

連憲升。〈音樂的陌生化與可聆性──與大江健三郎一起傾聽武滿徹和大江光的音樂〉。《音樂研究》14（2010）：103。

陳歆怡。〈七十八轉老唱片，召喚時代聲音〉。《臺灣光華雜誌》no.2 （2009）：92。

曹笑笑。〈宗教因素對伊斯蘭帝國民族關係之影響〉。《阿拉伯世界研究》（三月，第二期，2011）：76-81。

廖炳惠。〈東方學的音響轉折〉。《清華學報》，第33卷，第二期（2003）：341-363。

蔡永凱。〈航向音樂的「他者」──薩依德論音樂的表演〉。《音樂研究》（2006）：161-174。

五、外文期刊、雜誌

Ali, Tariq. “Remebering Edward Said, 1935-2003.” New Left Review, 24 (2003): 59-65.

Cone, Edward T.. “The Authority of Music Criticism.” Journal of the American Musicological Society 34. no. 1 (1981): 1-18.

Fry, Katherine. “Elaboration, Counterpoint, Transgression: Music and the Role of the
Aesthetic in the Criticism of Edward W. Said,” Paragraph. Vol. 31, no. 3 (2008): 265-279.

Marrouchi, Mustapha. "Variation on a Theme: Edward Said on Music." ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature. Vol. 32, no. 2 (2001): 91-123.

Merod, Jim. “The Sublime Lyrical Abstractions of Edward W. Said.” Boundary 2: A journal of postmodern literature Vol. 25, no. 2 (1998): 117-143.

Said, Edward Wadie. “Music.” Nation 243, no. 13 (1986): 415-418.

──. “Music.” Nation 243, no. 19 (1986): 648-652.

──. “Pomp and Circumstance.” Nation 243, no.5 (1986): 150.

──. “Music.” Nation 244, no. 10 (1987): 336-338.

──. “A Palestinian Versailles.” Progressive Vol. 57, no. 12 (1993): 22-26.

Wilison, Rachel Beckles. “Whose Utopia? －Perspectives on the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra.” Music and Politics 3, no. 2 (2009): 117-143.

Wood, Michael. “On Edward Said.” London Review of Book Vol. 25, no. 20 (2003): 3-6.

──. “The Music of His Music: Edward Said, 1935-2003.” October, no. 109 (2004): 143-149.

六、論文集

Adorno, Theodor W. “On the Fetish Character in Music and the Regression of Listening. (1938)” The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture (1991): 29-60.

Balme, Christopher. “Orientalism, Opera, and the Public Sphere.” Edward Said’s Translocations: essays in secular criticism (2012): 171-186.

Groot, Rokus De. “Music at the limits: Edward Said’s musical elaborations.” How the West Was Won: Essays on the Literary Imagination, the Canon, and the Christian Middle Ages for Burcht Pranger (2010): 127-145.

Henry Louis Gates Jr. “Said as Music Critic.” Edward Said: Sage Master in Modern Social Thought Vol. III (2001): 235-241.

Honold, Alexander. “The Art of Counterpoint: Music as Site and Tool in Postcolonial Readings.” Edward Said’s translocations: essays in secular criticism (2012): 187-204.

Said, Mariam Cortas. “Edward Said and the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra.” Counterpoints: Edward Said’s Legacy (2010): xi-xvi.

Scott, Derek B.. “Orientalism and Musical Style.” Edward Said: Sage Master in Modern Social Thought Vol. III (2001): 265-289.

Waters, Lindsay. “In Responses Begins Responsibility: Music and Emotion.” Edward Said: Sage Master in Modern Social Thought Vol. III (2001): 290-307.

七、學術論文

史旻玠。〈從音符到聲音──以系統理論觀察機械複製時代的音樂作品〉。國立清華大學社會學研究所碩士論文，2011。

卓郁芳。〈舒伯特以歌德《西東詩集》譜寫之四首藝術歌曲分析與詮釋〉。臺北市立教育大學音樂系音樂教學碩士論文，2009。

徐大衛。〈繆思的使徒──臺灣戰後古典音樂樂評人的軌跡與信念〉。國立臺灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文，2005。

徐鵬博。《華格納的反猶太思想》。國立政治大學歷史研究所碩士論文，2003。

陳翼均。〈聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中的角色之研究：(1947－2010)〉。淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士論文，2010。

八、網路資訊、新聞報導

〈巴勒斯坦問題〉聯合國新聞部中文網。
http://www.un.org/chinese/peace/palestine/backgrounds/history1.htm (access 2013/10/1).

〈游吟詩人攝影〉新浪博客。http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b2d2a8e0100vpth.html(access 2013/12/17).

〈愛樂人走四方網站〉。http://www.bh2000.net/special/patzak/detail.php?id=1924 (access 2013/10/9).

Kolbe, Corina.〈用音樂搭起文化的橋樑〉Deutsche Welle。張筠青 編譯 (2012)。http://dw.de/p/16iUt (access 2013/12/17).

“Barenboim & Said.” Bartcop Entertainment. http://www.suprmchaos.com/bcEnt-Thu-100302.index.html (access 2013/11/30).

“Daniel Barenboim Y Edward Said- Concord 2002.” Prince of Asturias Awards. http://www.fpa.es/en/prince-of-asturias-awards/awards/2002-daniel-barenboim-y-edward-said.html?texto=discurso&especifica=0 (access 2013/11/30).

“Historic Palestine.” Palestine Solidarity Campaign.
http://www.palestinecampaign.org/information/ (access 2013/10/1).

“MUSIC; Old Records in High Tech And Low.” New York Times. 1999/4/18. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/18/arts/music-old-records-in-high-tech-and-low.html (access 2013/11/15).

“Old-School Mozart: The 1950 Karajan Vienna Recordings”.
http://super-conductor.blogspot.tw/2011/03/old-school-mozart-1950-karajan-vienna.html (access 2013/11/4).

“Oum Kalsoum.” Hibamusic. http://en.hibamusic.com/Egypt/oum-kalsoum/oum-kalsoum-503.htm (access 2013/10/9).

“Sound-Beethoven” The British Library. http://sounds.bl.uk/Classical-music/Beethoven/026M-9CL0037008XX-0100V0 (access 2013/10/9).

“The Friends of Music at Princeton.” Princeton University.
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/friendsofmusic/FOMABOUTUS.html (access 2013/11/7).

“The Wellek Library Lectures Series.” University of California. http://www.lib.uci.edu/about/publications/wellek/ (access 2013/11/20).

“Umberto Giordano.” Opera Arts.
http://www.operaarts.com/opera-composers/umberto-giordano.php (access 2013/10/9).

Daniel Barenboim. http://www.danielbarenboim.com/ (access 2013/12/1).

Harvard Gazette. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/ (access 2013/11/7).

Miller Theatre. http://www.millertheatre.com/ (access 2013/12/1).

Norwegian Institute of Recorded Sound。http://www.recordedsound.no/ (access 2013/10/9).

Princeton Weekly Bulletin. https://pwb.princeton.edu/ (access 2013/11/7).

Rokus De Groot. http://www.uva.nl/over-de-uva/organisatie/medewerkers/content/g/r/r.degroot/r.de-groot.html (access 2014/2/1).

Staatsoper Im Schiller Theater. http://www.staatsoper-berlin.de (access 2013/11/30).

The American University in Cairo. http://www.aucegypt.edu (access 2013/10/1).

The Barenboim-Said Foundation. http://www.barenboimsaidusa.org/ (access 2013/12/1).

The Juilliard School. http://www.juilliard.edu/ (access 2013/11/30).

West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. http://www.west-eastern-divan.org/ (access 2013/11/21).

九、影音資料

Fundacion Barenboim-Said Produced. Orchester Konzert Salzburger Festspiele 2007. DVD.

Daniel Barenboim, West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, 2011.

Girard, Francois. Thirty two short films about Glenn Gould. DVD. Sony Music Entertainment, 2012.

Guttenplan, D. D. Produced. Edward Said: The Last Interview. DVD. Directed by Mike Dibb, Interviewer: Charles Glass. New York: Icarus Films Home Video, 2005.

Smaczny, Paul Produced. Knowledge is the Beginning. DVD. Warner: Classics, 2005.

Tetsujiro, Yamagami Produced. Out of Place:Memories of Edward Said. DVD. A film by Sato Makoto, Directed by Sato Makoto. New York: Icarus Films Home Video, 2005.

UC Berkeley Events. “Edward W. Said: Memory, Inequality, and Power: Palestine and the Universality of Human Rights.” Youtube Viedo. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb2pYStv8x8 (access 2013/12/1).

十、樂譜
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Symphony no. 4 in B Flat major, Op 60. IMSLP Center for Computer Assisted Resrasch in the Humanities edition, 2008

──. Symphony no. 5 in C minor, Op 67. Musical Elaborations. New York: Columbia University, 1991.

Brahms, Johannes. String Sextet no.1 in B flat, Op.18 II. Musical Elaborations. New York: Columbia University, 1991.

──. Theme with Variations for Piano. Musical Elaborations. New York: Columbia University, 1991.

Liszt, Franz. Piano transcription of Beethoven’s Symphony no 5. Musical Elaborations. New York: Columbia University, 1991.