研究生: |
鄭仁智 Cheng, Jen-Chih |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
論島嶼制度之法理與實踐:以中國大陸南沙島礁填礁建島為例 A Study on Jurisprudence and Practices of the Regime of Islands–Taking the Mainland China's Reclamation in the Spratlys as An Example |
指導教授: |
王冠雄
Wang, Kuan-Hsiung |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
政治學研究所 Graduate Institute of Political Science |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 261 |
中文關鍵詞: | 填礁建島 、岩礁 、南海仲裁案 、島嶼制度 |
英文關鍵詞: | land reclamation, rocks, arbitral tribunal, the regime of islands |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/DIS.NTNU.GPS.001.2019.F09 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:194 下載:57 |
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島嶼制度自1982年《海洋法公約》立約通過至今,始終是國際海洋法中一個頗受爭論的議題。因島嶼制度不僅牽涉島礁本身所享有的法律地位,且涉及沿海國與相鄰或相向國家間海洋區域的劃分,尤以200海里專屬經濟海域制度的建立,益使島礁的法律地位倍受各國重視。2012年4月,菲律賓與中國大陸於黃岩島軍事對峙事件後,引發菲律賓提起「南海仲裁案」,希冀藉由強制仲裁對中國大陸產生遏制效應。然該案最具爭議處,即是臨時仲裁庭意圖將島嶼制度原本保有的模糊空間予以明確化、具體化,對島嶼制度條文的重新定義。而其做法非但無益於解決現存的島嶼制度爭端,反而衍生更多紛爭。本論文試圖以島嶼制度之立法過程、各重要時期之會議及重要討論事項為立基點,著重探討島嶼制度規範模糊處,並綜整各家論述,兼論中國大陸於南沙所屬島礁填礁建島、臨時仲裁庭重新定義島嶼制度所蘊含之法律意涵及面臨之挑戰,最後輔以案例研究,期能勾勒出一條較為周全的理路,作為修約之討論。
Since United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in 1982, the regime of islands has been a considerable subject of debate in international law of the sea. Not only the regime of islands involves the legal status of the island (or reef) itself, but also involves the division of the marine area between the coastal state and the adjacent or opposite States. Especially the establishment of the regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone of 200 nautical miles, countries around the world are keeping close eye on the legal status of the island (or reef). In April 2012, after the military confrontation between the Philippines and China on Scarborough Shoal, Philippines initiated a “South China Sea Arbitration Case”, which hoped to have a containment effect on mainland China through compulsory arbitration. The most controversial issue of the case is the Provisional Arbitration Tribunal’s intent to clarify the fuzziness of the original regime of islands and give more specific and precise definition of the regime of islands provision. Rather than solving the existing regime of islands disputes, these efforts had raised more disputes instead. This thesis attempts to adopt the legislative process of the regime of islands, and the important timeline of meetings and discussions as basis; examines in-depth focus on the ambiguity of the regime of islands norms; provides comprehensive views and perspectives, including the land reclamation of the Chinese mainland in the Spratlys, and the legal implications and challenges based on Provisional Arbitral Tribunal’s new definition of the regime of islands. Lastly, supplemented case studies to map a more comprehensive rationale as reference to amend the convention in the future.
壹、中文資料
一、中文書籍(按姓氏筆劃順序)
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王雲五,1988年。《社會科學大辭典第一冊社會學》。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。
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丘宏達著、陳純一修訂,2014年。《現代國際法》。臺北:三民書局。
朱浤源,1999年。《撰寫碩博士論文實戰手冊》。臺北:正中書局。
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侯木仲,1992年。《國際海洋法》。臺北:環球書局。
俞寬賜,2007年。《國際法新論》。臺北:國立編譯館。
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陳荔彤,2002年。《海洋法論》。臺北:元照出版有限公司。
陳荔彤,2008年。《國際海洋法論》。臺北:元照出版有限公司。
陳荔彤院長論文集編輯委員會編,2017年。《國際法與國內法的一元論–陳荔彤教授六秩晉五華誕祝壽論文集(上)》。臺北:瑞興圖書股份有限公司。
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陳鴻瑜,1997年。《南海諸島之發現、開發與國際衝突》。臺北:國立編譯館。
高之國、賈宇主編,2018年4月。《中國海洋法年刊》。北京:中國民主法制出版社。
鞠海龍主編,2015年。《南海地區形勢報告20132014》。北京:時事出版社。
傅崐成編校,2001年。《聯合國海洋法公約暨全部附件、相關公約》。臺北:協容國際顧問有限公司。
傅崐成,1992年。《國際海洋法》。臺北:三民書局。
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薛桂芳,2011年。《聯合國海洋法公約與國家實踐》。北京:海洋出版社。
二、翻譯書籍
David Mash、Gerry Stoker等著,陳義彥等譯,2009年1月。《政治學方法論與途徑》(Theory and Methods in Political Science)。臺北:韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。
John Mearsheimer著,王義桅、唐小松譯,2014年9月。《大國政治的悲劇–修訂版》(The Tragedy of Great Power Politics)。上海:上海人民出版社。
Larenz, Karl著,陳愛娥譯,2001年9月。《法學方法論》(Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft)。臺北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
三、中文期刊
王冠雄,2006/12。〈析論國際海洋法中之島嶼制度—以日本『沖之鳥』礁為例〉,《律師雜誌》,第327期,頁52-59。
———,2011/8。〈南海爭端之國際法觀點分析〉,《展望與探索》,第9卷第8期,頁13-20。
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李令華,2007/7。〈關於領海基點和基線的確定問題〉,《中國海洋大學學報》,2007年第3期,頁14-18。
林正義,2016/3。〈歐巴馬政府的南海政策:中國的回應及對臺灣的影響〉,《東吳政治學報》,第三十四卷第1期,頁1-80。
何思慎,2016/7。〈南海仲裁案判決之意義及其影響〉,《戰略安全研析》,第135期,頁6-14。
宮守業,2016/5。〈太平島是礁還是島?〉,《PanSci 泛科學》,國立自然科學博物館館訊第342 期,頁5,<https://pansci.asia/archives/101706>。
陳荔彤,2004/4。〈臺灣之海域紛爭〉,《臺灣國際法季刊》,第1卷第2期,頁113-148。
陳鴻瑜,2010/10。〈南海爭端的政治與法律面分析〉,《全球政治評論》,第32期,頁1-6。
陳鴻瑜,2016/8。〈評析聯合國仲裁庭對菲國控「中國」之南海案之裁決〉,《展望與探索》,第14卷第8期,頁1-9。
孫傳香,2016/5。〈岩礁的法律地位與劃界效力析論〉,《湖南人文科技學院學報》,2016年第2期,頁58-61。
薛桂芳,徐向欣,2014/1。〈由島嶼維持其本身的“經濟生活”標準的界定談對我國南海島礁的保護性開發〉,《比較法研究》,2013年第6期,頁63。
鄒立剛,2013/7。〈適用於南沙群島的領海基線法律問題研究〉,《河南財經政法大學學報》,2013年第3期,頁134。
貳、外文資料
1. Books
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Evans, Malcolm D., 2003. International Law 1st Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
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2. Articles
Alex G. Oude Elferink, 1998/Summer. “Clarifying Article 121(3) of the Law of the Sea Convention: The Limits Set by the Nature of International Legal Processes,” IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, pp. 58-68, <http://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/publications/download/?id=130>.
Alex G. Oude Elferink, 2016/9/7. “The South China Sea Arbitration’s Interpretation of Article 121(3) of the LOSC: A Disquieting First,” UiT, <http://site.uit.no/.../the-south-china-sea-arbitrations-interpretation-of-article-12...>.
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參、官方資料
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United Nations, 1974/7/19. “Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea - Document: - A/CONF.62/33,” United Nations Diplomatic Conferences - Office of Legal Affairs, <http://legal.un.org/diplomaticconferences/1973_los/>.
United Nations, 1974/7/26. “Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea - Document: - A/CONF.62/L.4,” United Nations Diplomatic Conferences - Office of Legal Affairs, <http://legal.un.org/diplomaticconferences/1973_los/>.
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肆、網路資料
Permanent Court of Arbitration,2015/11/24。〈新聞稿菲律賓訴中國仲裁案–PCA〉,《Permanent Court of Arbitration》,<http://www.pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/1523>。
王冠雄,2015/8/27。〈中國大陸填海造陸工程之戰略安全面探討〉,《台北論壇》,<http://140.119.184.164/view_pdf/236..pdf>。
王時齊,2016/7/18。〈南海仲裁案 國際學者:裁決毫無法律意義〉,《ettoday新聞雲王時齊專欄》,<https://www.ettoday.net/news/20160718/737743.htm?feature=profile_010&tab...>。
中央廣播電臺,2014/6/21。〈大陸南沙建島 國際法恐難認同〉,《中央廣播電臺》,<http://www.rti.org.tw/m/news/detail/?recordId=116490>。
中華民國政府,2016/3/24。〈中華民國南海政策說帖〉,《ROC Taiwan.org》,<https://www.taiwanembassy.org/...>。
中國社會科學網,2014/5/3。〈中國在南沙赤瓜礁填海擴建 無視越軍 海軍大批軍艦護衛〉,《中國社會科學網》,<http://www.cssn.cn/gj/gj_gjwtyj/gj_yt/.../t20140503_1137051.shtml>。
中華人民共和國外交部,2014/12/7。〈中華人民共和國政府關於菲律賓共和國所提南海仲裁案管轄權問題的立場文件〉,《中華人民共和國外交部》,<http://www.mfa.gov.cn/nanhai/chn/snhwtlcwj/>。
尹章華,〈第七章 群島國制度和島嶼制度〉,《台灣法律網》,<http://www.lawtw.com/article.php?template=article...job...>。
朱鳳嵐,2005/9/10。〈日本打造“沖之鳥島”岩礁〉,《中國社會科學院亞洲太平洋研究所》,<https://yataisuo.cass.cn/xueshuwz/showcontent.asp?id=794>。
行政院大陸委員會,2016/1/23。〈太平島是島不是礁–事實可證:我太平島擁有《海洋法公約》所賦專屬經濟海域及大陸礁層之完整權利〉,《行政院大陸委員會》,<https://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113914&ctNode=5630&mp=1>。
宋燕輝,2016/7/16。〈南海仲裁案法仲裁員有關島嶼 地位之判斷或見解〉,《中華民國國際法學會》,<http://csil.org.tw/home/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/宋燕輝教授.pdf>。
南沙群島在線,2005/3/25。〈南海諸島地名地名誌–154–永暑礁〉,《南沙群島在線》,<http://www.nansha.org.cn/islandsdatabase/3/154_yongshu_jiao.html>。
南沙群島在線,2005/3/25。〈南海諸島地名地名誌–136–東門礁〉,《南沙群島在線》,<http://www.nansha.org.cn/islandsdatabase/3/136_dongmen_jiao.html>。
南沙群島在線,2005/3/4。〈南海諸島地名志–113–渚碧礁〉,《南沙群島在線》,<http://www.nansha.org.cn/gallery/1/zhubi_jiao/>。
南海諸島網,2014/6/25。〈南海諸島地名資料彙編〉,《南海諸島網》,<http://www.unanhai.com/a/nanshaqundao/2012/0604/meijijiao.html>。
南海諸島網,2014/7/22。〈南海諸島地名資料彙編〉,《南海諸島網》,<http://www.unanhai.com/a/nanshaqundao/2012/0409/nanxunjiao.html>。
姚凌,2017/10/25。〈習近平總書記肯定的南海島礁建設,是什麼樣?〉,《中國南海網》,<https://nanhai.haiwainet.cn/n/2017/1025/c3542184-31157760.html>。
栗林忠男,〈「沖ノ鳥島」の国際法上の地位〉,《日本財團圖書館》,<http://nippon.zaidan.info>。
髙聖惕,2017/9/29。〈仲裁庭在南海仲裁案中對聯合國海洋法公約第121條(3)的解釋–一種批判〉,《中國社會科學網》,<https://www.cssn.cn>。
高雄市政府,2016/8/16。〈太平島南沙醫院 南沙2號正式掛牌〉,《高雄市政府》,<https://household.kcg.gov.tw/household/Mobile/NewsDetailC001510.aspx?Cond...7c83...>。
索拉布•古普塔(Sourabh Gupta),2016/8/25。〈海牙在南海問題上的狹隘正義〉,《中美聚焦網》,<https://zh.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/20160825/7825.html>。
海洋委員會海巡署南部分署,〈地理位置〉,《海洋委員會海巡署南部分署》,<https://www.cga.gov.tw/GipOpen/wSite/np?ctNode=8139&mp=9991>。
張湘蘭、樊懿,2015/10/27。〈國際法公約下的島礁之辨〉,《北緯40度》,<http://www.bw40.net/7012.html>。
張志文、俞懿春、陳然,2016/7/17。〈臨時仲裁庭樹立違反國際法壞典型〉,《人民日報》,<https://world.people.com.cn>。
黃麗蓉,2016/7/27。〈投書華爾街日報 馬英九:南海仲裁不公 台人深感氣憤〉,《中時電子報》,<http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20160727005625-260401>。
趙國材,2016/10/20。〈杜特蒂親中 美戰略破局〉,《中時電子報》,http://opinion.chinatimes.com/20161020005795-262105>。
傅崐成、李敬昌,2016/9/16。〈南海若干國際法律問題〉,《廈門大學南海研究院》,<http://scsi.xmu.edu.cn/1a/12/c7406a203282/page.htm>。
傅崐成,2016/3/26。〈南海關鍵問題釋疑〉,《US-China Forum (Chinese)》,<http://www.us-chinaforum.com/27599369133554222727/152>。
愛國知識網,2017/11/8。〈2017年中國南海填海造島最新消息 中國南海造島現狀〉,《愛國知識網》,<https://m.aiguoxin.net/zt/nanhaijushi/news/20160429197.html>。
劉瑋哲,2016/2/1。〈什麼是美海軍「自由航行行動」(FONOP)?〉,《洞知識》, <http://www.insight-post.tw/insight-knowledge/20160201/14430>。
韓愛勇,2016/4/25。〈南海「航行自由」問題中的兩類規則〉,《求是網》, <http://www.qstheory.cn/international/2016-04/25/c_1118722482.htm>。
戴宗翰,2017/2/23。〈南海的前世今生–從歷史證據到後仲裁時代(演講紀錄)〉,《國立臺灣海洋大學海洋事務與資源管理研究所》,<https://imarm-ntou.blogspot.com/2017/02/blog-post_23.html>。
戴昌鳳,2016/6/14。〈南沙太平島 珊瑚礁生態陷危機〉,《國家地理雜誌中文網》,<https://www.natgeomedia.com>。
伍、新聞媒體
人民網,2005/5/8。〈美國本土外小島嶼〉,《人民網》,<https://military.people.com.cn>。
Jane Perlez,2016/7/18。〈幫助菲律賓贏得南海仲裁的律師〉,《紐約時報中文網》, <http://m.cn.nytimes.com/world/20160718/south-china-sea...hague/zh-hant/>。
BBC中文網,2015/5/30。〈香格里拉對話:美防長抨擊中國南海填海活動〉,《BBC中文網》, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/.../trad/.../150530_shangri-la_dialogue_us_china_>。
大陸中心,2016/11/25。〈衛星照拍到軍事建設外 南沙4島礁大片面積綠化中〉,《ettoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net/news/20161125/817581.htm >。
大陸中心,2016/1/11。〈永暑島花3500億賺30兆 大陸造島速度是越南的100倍〉,《ETtoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net>。
大陸中心,2016/4/26。〈東門島、赤瓜礁列裝76毫米艦砲 南海五大島礁街景曝光〉,《ETtoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net>。
大陸中心,2016/1/11。〈南沙赤瓜島完工 渚碧島進度輸『面積最大』的美濟礁〉,《ettoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net/news/>。
大陸中心,2016/6/9。〈渚碧礁現生態農場 68頭豬每天出門蹓躂半小時〉,《ettoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net/news/20160609/713390.htm>。
大陸中心,2017/6/8。〈華陽島高頻雷達被偷拍 監測400公里的威力嚇到越南了〉,《ettoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net/news/20170608/940134.htm>。
大陸中心,2016/11/25。〈衛星照拍到軍事建設外 南沙4島礁大片面積綠化中〉,《ettoday新聞雲》,<http://www.ettoday.net/news/20161125/817581.htm>。
大公網,2016/3/15。〈赤瓜礁收復28年後建成機場 構戰略前沿“鐵三角”〉,《大公網》,<https://news.takungpao.com.hk/mainland/focus/2016-03/3293409.html>。
中新網,2012/11/14。〈港媒:十八大首提海洋強國 海洋維權力度或將加大〉,《中新網》,<http://www.chinanews.com/hb/2012/11-14/4328525.shtml>。
中商情報網,2014/10/8。〈震撼曝光中國南海諸島的實際控制狀況〉,《中商情報網》,<http://big5.askci.com/military/2014/10/08/151616ippd.shtml>。
尹航、蕭德倫,2011/11/22。〈中國邊海防巡禮之南薰礁〉,《騰訊網》,<http://news.qq.com/zt2011/bianhfnxj/index.htm>。
孔傑榮(Jerome A. Cohen),2016/7/25。〈菲律賓仲裁對國際法的貢獻–「島嶼」何時僅構成「岩礁」?〉,《明報》,<http://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20160726/.../1469469651112>。
田士臣,2017/8/10。〈一年後看南海仲裁案三個失敗點〉,《鳳凰網》,<https://news.ifeng.com/dacankao/.../1.shtml>。
世界新聞網,2016/6/3。〈日越『攝』南沙 曝『中國東門』雷達站〉,《世界新聞網》,<http://www.worldjournal.com/4053198/article>。
世界新聞網,2017/11/14。〈李克強:東協中國「南海行為準則」啟動協商〉,《世界新聞網》,<http://www.worldjournal.com/.../article>。
呂正韜,2013/11/30。〈專家:「島鏈」戰略鎖不住中國〉,《中國評論新聞網》, <http://hk.crntt.com/doc/209_9572_102895738_1.html>。
余曉潔,2012/7/1。〈中國海監南海定巡編隊與華陽礁中國駐守官兵互致問候〉,《新華網》,<http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/.../c_112328928.htm>。
吳政峯,2016/7/16。〈台灣專家湯熙勇逐點駁斥南海仲裁裁決〉,《中評社》,<https://hk.crntt.com/crn-webapp/touch/detail.jsp?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid...>。
吳姣,2012/11/13。〈專訪十八大代表、國家海洋局局長劉賜貴 建設「海洋強國」難在保護海洋生態和維護海洋權益〉,《中國日報網》, <http://www.chinadaily.com.cn>。
宋承恩,2016/8/17。〈南海仲裁與台灣 解密來自海牙的情書〉,《報導者The Reporter》,<http://www.twreporter.org/a/opinion-the-south-china-sea-arbitration>。
社評,2016/5/2。〈美國航行自由報告別有用心〉,《中時電子報》, <http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160502000632-260310>。
周意岷,2013/10/15。〈構建南海機制〉,《人民論壇網》, <http://theory.rmlt.com.cn/2013/1015/164299.shtml>。
林滿紅,2016/2/2。〈中日和約 重要南海法律基礎〉,《聯合報》,版A14。
信報,2014/4/30。〈沖之鳥化礁為島 日本深謀奪資源〉,《信報》,<http://www1.hkej.com/dailynews/articlePrint/id/615836>。
美國之音,2017/11/13。〈川習齊訪越南 川普受“擁戴”〉,《美國之音》, <http://www.voacantonese.com/a/us-china-vietnam-20171110/4112562.html>。
美國之音,2016/2/26。〈美推動「東南亞海事安全倡議」提升與亞洲關係〉,《美國之音》,<http://www.voachinese.com/content/us-defense-budget-20160225/3208368.html>。
胡念祖,2016/7/18。〈南海仲裁 5人敵160國的法官造法〉,《聯合報》,版A13。
郭匡超,2014/9/14。〈吹填 大陸南沙島礁快速成長〉,《中時電子報》,<https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140914001262-260408>。
馬來西亞詩華日報新聞網,2016/9/11。〈中國扼守南海 軍艦進駐渚碧島〉,《馬來西亞詩華日報新聞網》,<http://news.seehua.com/?p=205814>。
馬靜,2017/5/26。〈【話你知】美濟礁:中國南沙第一大島〉,《香港文匯報》,<http://paper.wenweipo.com>。
陳一新,2018/8/7。〈南海行為準則 還有得喬〉,《中時電子報》, <http://opinion.chinatimes.com/20180807004494-262105>。
陳昶睿,2014/11/25。〈陸駐軍:永暑島擴建速度太慢〉,《中時電子報》,<https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20141125000884-260301>。
陳建仲,2015/5/27。〈時論–小英訪美 南海也是考題〉,《中時電子報》, <http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150527000489-260109>。
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