研究生: |
廖湘怡 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
皮德思(R. S. Peters)教育思想中的教師圖像 Teacher’s images in R. S. Peters’ educational thought |
指導教授: | 林逢祺 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育學系 Department of Education |
論文出版年: | 2011 |
畢業學年度: | 99 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 151 |
中文關鍵詞: | 皮德思 、教師圖像 、教育哲學 |
英文關鍵詞: | R. S. Peters, teacher's images, philosophy of education |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:337 下載:61 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討英國當代教育哲學家皮德思(R. S. Peters)教育思想中的教師圖像,透過概念分析與詮釋學的研究方法,先瞭解其生平和思想背景,析論其對於教育哲學之影響,再闡釋其教育思想。從皮德思對於師生關係、知識傳遞、道德涵育和民主態度的觀點中詮釋其教育思想中的教師圖像。
皮德思認為師生關係是教育之基礎,教師除了必須尊重學生為「人」之外,還要展現教師作為「人」的一面,最後期望教師能夠用「友愛」的情感與學生結合在一起,共同追求有價值之事物。在知識傳遞的部分,教師除了教導學生成為理性之人,更重要的是傳遞有價值的事物,帶領學生追求知識中的神聖領域,教師從初期引導的角色逐漸轉變為同道中的「道友」。而在道德教育的部分,皮德思認為教師應啟發孩童的感受性以理解道德原則;帶領他們運用理性共同討論日常生活中的道德議題;並以習慣的培養作為道德實踐的基礎。最後,欲培養學生成為民主社會的公民,則必須培養學生對於權威有合理的態度,因此教師權威的運用就成為學生發展民主態度的重要關鍵所在。
據此,本研究獲致結論如下:
一、皮德思以「概念分析」為方法分析教育問題,強調教育哲學於師
資培育中的地位,扶植教育哲學逐漸成為獨立之學門。
二、皮德思以「博雅教育」為其教育思想理想,其道德理論則重視程
序性原則和理性之運用,並於後期作品提出具民主價值之教育目
的,補充博雅教育僅重視內在目的之不足。
三、皮德思教育思想中的教師圖像如下:
(一)愛與信任的榜樣。
(二)神聖領域的共同開拓者。
(三)理情兼備的自律領航者。
(四)不帶威權氣息的權威。
This study aims at probing into R. S. Peters’ perspective on the images of teacher. Using conceptual analysis and hermeneutics, this study illustrates Peters’ life experiences, academic background, and his influence on philosophy of education, and investigates teacher’s images in his educational thought.
Peters argues that the relationship between the teacher and students is the basic of education. In addition to respecting students as “people”, the teacher should show his or her humanity, and then unite students to pursue the worthwhile things together on the basis of fraternity. In the respect of imparting knowledge, Peters claims that teaching the worthwhile things is important, besides making students rational people. The teacher firstly is a guide and then becomes a friend who pursues the same knowledge later on the holy ground. In the aspect of moral education, Peters considers that the teacher should arouse students’ sensitivity to realize the fundamental principles of morality, lead the students to discuss the moral issues in daily life with reason, and develop students’ habits as the foundation of moral practice. Finally, for developing students as citizens in democratic society, students should have the reasonable attitude toward the authority, so how the teacher uses his or her authority is crucial to the development of students’ democratic attitude.
Accordingly, conclusions are as follows:
1. Peters applies “conceptual analysis” to problem of
education, emphasizes the status of philosophy of
education in educations of teacher, and makes philosophy
of education gradually become an independent discipline.
2. “Liberal education” is the idea education of Peters’
theory. Peters’ moral theory stresses on the
procedural principles and the use of reason. He adds
the aims of education with democratic value to supply
the insufficiency of liberal education.
3. Teacher’s images in Peters’ educational thought are as
follow:
(1) The model of love and trust.
(2) The mutual pioneer on holy ground.
(3) The autonomy navigator with reason and affections.
(4) The authority without authoritarian.
中文部分
方永泉(2003)。〈英國哲學和教育哲學的革命〉述評。載於林逢祺、洪仁進(主編),教育哲學述評(頁35-54)。台北市:師大書苑。
方志華(2004)。從關懷倫理學看欣賞教學在道德教育的運用—以欣賞[蒼蠅王]的教學實踐為例。國民教育研究集刊,139-161。
王思迅(主編)(2002)。劍橋哲學辭典。台北市:貓頭鷹。
任鍾印、諸惠芳(譯)(2008)。J.A. Palmer主編。教育究竟是什麼?─100位思想家論教育(One Hundred Thinkers on Education)。北京市:北京大學。
肖川(2002)。教育的理想與理念。長沙:岳麓書社。
李奉儒(2003)。〈教育的證立〉述評。載於林逢祺、洪仁進(主編),教育哲學述評(頁229-243)。台北市:師大書苑。
但昭偉(2002)。重讀彌爾的自由論(John Stuart Mill on Liberty)。台北市:學富。
林玉体(2005)。西洋教育史(新修訂十二版)。台北市:文景。
林秀珍、徐世豐(2006)。從道家思想談教師修養。載於但昭偉(主編),教師的教育哲學(頁21-41)。台北市:高等教育。
林建福(2009)。同情、道德與道德教育的哲學研究。當代教育研究,17(4),1-26。
林逢祺(1987)。皮德思道德教育思想研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林逢祺(2003)。〈皮德思:一位老式哲學家〉述評。載於林逢祺、洪仁進(主編),教育哲學述評(頁55-81)。台北:師大書苑。
林逢祺(2004)。教育規準論。台北市:五南。
林逢祺、洪仁進(主編)(2008)。教師哲學:哲學中的教師圖像。台北市:五南。
吳志宏(譯)(1994)。A. N. Whitehead著。教育的目的(The aim of education)。台北市:桂冠。
吳明隆(1992)。從分析哲學家皮德思的「處罰與紀律」觀省思體罰的問題。高市鐸聲,3(1),39-45。
洪仁進(1998)。教育哲學取向的轉移:從皮德思到卡爾。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
桂冠前瞻教育叢書編譯組(編譯)(1999)。教師角色。台北市:桂冠。
唐鉞重(譯)(1967)。I. Kant著。道德形上學探本(Fundamental principles of the metaphysic of morals)。台北市:台灣商務。
張汝倫(譯)(2003)。M. Oakeshott著。政治中的理性主義(Rationalism in politics)。上海市 : 上海譯文出版社。
張春興(2005)。教育心理學。台北市:心理。
陳曉林(譯)(1986)。I. Berlim著。自由四論(Four essays on liberty)。台北:聯經。
畢恆達(1995)。生活經驗研究的反省;詮釋學的觀點。載於楊國樞(主編),組織心理與行為(頁224-259)。台北市:桂冠。
傅佩榮(1998)。柏拉圖。台北市:東大。
傅偉勳(2004)。西洋哲學史(第二版)。台北市:三民。
溫明麗(2008)。教育哲學─本土哲學的建構。台北市:三民。
楊深坑(1988)。理論、詮釋與實踐:教育學方法論論文集(甲輯)。台北市:師大書苑。
楊誠(譯)(2008)。W. Glasser著。師生雙贏─選擇理論在教學上的應用(Choice theory in the classroom)。台北市:心理。
葉坤靈(2003)。博雅教育與知識的性質。載於林逢祺、洪仁進(主編),教育哲學述評(頁267-285)。台北市:師大書苑。
葉啟芳、瞿菊農(譯)(1986) 。J. Locke著。政府論次講(The second treatise on civil government)。台北市:唐山。
趙一葦(1998)。當代教育哲學大綱。台北市:正中
趙敦華(1988)。維根斯坦。台北市:遠流。
趙敦華(2002)。西方哲學簡史。台北市:五南。
劉小菁(譯)(2002)。W. Glasser著。每個學生都能成功(Every student can succeed)。台北市:張老師文化。
歐陽教(1988)。觀念分析學派的教育思潮。中國教育學會(主編),現代教育思潮(頁1-15)。台北市:師大書苑。
歐陽教(2002)。教育哲學導論(第十四版)。台北市:文景。
蔡坤鴻(譯)(1978)。S. Korner著。Kant(Kant)。台北市:長橋出版社。
饒見維(2003)。教師專業發展─理論與實務。台北市:五南。
西文部分
Acton, H. B. (1955). The ethical importance of sympathy. Philosophy, 30(112), 62-66
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1971). Two worlds of childhood. London: Allen & Unwin.
Cooper, D. E. (Ed.). (1986). Education, values and mind: Essays for R. S. Peters. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Cromwell, Oliver. (2007). In Chambers biographical dictionary. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://0-www.credoreference.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/entry/chambbd/cromwell_oliver
Dewey, J. (1966). Democracy and education. New York: Free press.
Elliott, R. K.(1986). Richard Peters: A philosopher in the older style. In D. E. Cooper (Ed.), Education, values and mind: Essays for R. S. Peters (pp41-68). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Fromm, E. (1942). The fear of freedom. London: Routledge.
Gandhi, Mahatma (‘Great Soul’), properly Mohandâs Karamchand Gandhi. (2007). In Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://0-www.credoreference.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/entry/chambbd/gandhi_mahatma_great_soul_properly_mohand%C3%A2s_karamchand_gandhi
Griffiths, A. P. & Peters, R. S. (1962). The autonomy of prudence. Mind, 71(282), 161-180
Hirst, P. H. & Peters, R. S. (1970). The logic of education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. H. (1972). Liberal education and the nature of knowledge. In R. F. Dearden, P. H. Hirst & R. S. Peters (Eds.), Education and reason (pp.1-24). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. H. (1986). Richard Peters’s contribution to the philosophy if education. In D. E. Cooper (Ed.), Education, values and mind: Essays for R. S. Peters (pp. 8-40). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hoffman, M. L. (1976).”Empathy, role-taking, guilt and development of altruistic motives” in Lickona, T. (Ed.), Moral development and behaviour (pp. 124-143)New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Jahoda, M. (1999).The psychological meaning of various criteria for positive mental health. In Current concepts of positive mental health (pp.22-64) New York: Ayer Company
James, W. (1891). Principles of psychology. London: Macmillam.
Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert). (2007). In Chambers biographical dictionary. Retrieved April 4, 2011, from http://0-www.credoreference.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/entry/chambbd/lawrence_d_avid_h_erbert
Little, M. A. (1995). Seeing and caring: The role of affect in feminist moral epistemology. Hypatia, 10(3), 117-136
Kant, I. (1987). Fundamental principles of the metaphysic of morals. (T. K. Abbott, Trans.). Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Book. (Original work published 1785)
Martin, J. (1943). Education at the crossroads. New Haven, CT. : Yale University Press.
Nagel, E. (1957).Determinism and development. In D. Harris(Ed.). The concept of development: An issue in the study of human development (pp.15-24). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Oakeshott (1962). Rationalism in politics. London: Methuen.
Peters, R. S. (1964). “Mental health” as an educational aim. In T. H. B. Hollins (Ed.), Aims in education: The philosophic approach (pp.71-90). Manchester : Victoria Univ. of Manchester Press.
Peters, R. S. (1965). Education as initiation. In R. E. Archambault (Ed.), Philosophical analysis and education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Peters, R. S. (1966). Ethics and education. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Peters, R. S. (1973a). Reason & compassions. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Peters, R. S. (Ed.). (1973b). The philosophy of education. London: Qxford University Press.
Peters, R. S. (1974). Psychology and ethical development. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Peters, R. S. (1977). Education and the education of teachers. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Peters, R. S. (1981a). Moral development and moral education. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Peters, R. S. (1981b). Essays on educators. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Peters, R. S. (1983).Philosophy of education. In P. H. Hirst (Ed.) Educational theory and its foundation disciplines ( pp. 30–61). London:Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Plato (1974). The republic. Harmondsworth : Penguin Books
Popper, K. (1945). The open society and its enemies (Vol I). London: Routledge.
Ratner, J. (Ed.).(1939). Intelligence in the modern world: John Dewey’s philosophy. New York: The modern library.
Russell, B. (1926). On Education. London: Unwin.
Urmson, J. O. (1988). Aristotle's ethics. New York: Blackwell.
Sagar, K. (1966). The holy ground. In The art of D. H. Lawrence (pp.173-204). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scheffler, I. (1960). The language of education. Springfield, IL:Thomas.
Cuypers, S. E.& Martin, C.(Eds.). (2011). Reading R. S. Peters today: Analysis, ethics, and the aims of education. London: Wiley-Blackwell.
White, J. (2001). R. S. Peters. In J. A. Palmer (Ed.), Fifty modern thinkers on education: from Piaget to the present.(pp.118-122). London: Routledge.
White, J. & White, P. (1986). Education, liberalism and human good. In D. E. Cooper (Ed.), Education, values and mind: Essays for R. S. Peters (pp149-171). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Whitehead, A. N. (1929). The rhythm of education. In The aims of education and other essays (pp. 27-40). New York : New American Library.
Wittgenstein, L. (1979). Philosophical investigations (G. E.M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell & Mott.(Original work published 1958)