19世紀末委內瑞拉（Venezuela）女性音樂家—特蕾莎‧卡瑞諾（Teresa Carreño, 1853-1917）其令人讚嘆的演奏天賦與強烈的個人情感，獲得「鋼琴女武神」（Walküre of the piano）之美譽。卡瑞諾也是一位傑出的作曲家，其獨特的創作樂思、細膩的情感表達，從其鋼琴作品中即可見她對音樂的熱情與想像力。事實上，卡瑞諾的多重身分—鋼琴家、作曲家、聲樂家、指揮家與音樂教育者，使她活躍於舞臺並受到廣大的歡迎。然而，除了美國、南美洲、委內瑞拉及日本之外，臺灣目前並未有任何關於卡瑞諾的學術研究。

卡瑞諾的創作以鋼琴作品占多數，並多以「個性小品」的形式呈現，研究者依據其作品分期與創作特色，選出6首鋼琴個性小品，包含《降D大調敘事曲》、〈春天〉、〈夢想中的布拉格〉、〈海之夢〉、〈威尼斯〉、《委內瑞拉圓舞曲》進行研究。本論文分成四個部分：第一章緒論，第二章卡瑞諾生平與作品，第三章為6首鋼琴選曲之分析與演奏詮釋探討，第四章敘述卡瑞諾之音樂特色與結語，並歸納出5項卡瑞諾的創作特色：1. 華麗炫技的音樂風格；2. 富歌唱性的旋律；3. 拉丁美洲民族舞蹈節奏；4. 發展短小動機並擴充成大型樂段；5. 女性細膩多變的豐富情感。期待本論文能喚起讀者重視這位被遺忘的女性音樂家。

Teresa Carreño (1853-1917) was a Venezuelan female musician at the end of the 19th century, who had earned a reputation as the “Walküre of the piano” because of her amazing talent and performance with strong personal emotions. Carreño was an outstanding composer. Her unique, creative thinking and delicate emotional expressions from her own piano works can be seen in her enthusiastic imagination for music. In fact, Carreño's multiple identities - a pianist, composer, vocalist, conductor, and musical educator - made her as active on the stage as she was, popular. However, with the exception of the United States, South America, Venezuela, and Japan, there has also been no academic research on Carreño in Taiwan at the moment.

Carreño's composed piano work is “Character Pieces” which are mostly based on work periods and feature the author's 6 selected typical “Character Pieces” to present, and include “Ballade in D flat Major”, “Le Primtemps”, “Une Revue a Prague”, “Un Reve en Mer”, “Venise”, “Vals Gayo”, and many more. The structure of the thesis are divided into four parts: The first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter is Carreño's life and works; the third chapter is the analysis and interpretation of the six “Character Pieces”; the fourth chapter is the conclusion of Carreño's musical character and the conclusion. This study summarizes 5 of Carreño's composition features. 1. the musical style in the technique is brilliant and virtuoso; 2. the cantabile melody; 3. the Latin folk-like dance rhythm; 4. the development of short motive and expansion into large sections; and finally, 5. the rich and delicate emotions of women. I look forward to awakening everyone's attention to this forgotten female composer through this thesis.

參考文獻

一、樂譜：
Carreño, Teresa. Teresa Carreño: Obras para piano. Edited by Juan Francisco Sans. The Works of Clásicos de la literatura pianística venezolana vol. 8 Caracas: Central University of Venezuela Press; Fondo Editorial Humanidades, 2006.

二、西文書目：
Milinowski, Marta. Teresa Carreño: By the Grace of God. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1940.

Rubinstein, Anton, and Carreño, Teresa. The Art of Piano Pedaling Two Classic Guides. Edited by Joseph Banowetz and Brian Mann. New York: Dover Publications, 2003.

三、學術論文：
Gurman, Franco. “Teresa Carreño and Her Piano Music.” PhD diss., University of Florida, 2006.

Olivera, Claudio. “Teresa Carreno: Pianist, Composer and Pedagogue. Her Life and Work from The Perspective of Virtuoso Piano Playing at the End of the 19th Century.” PhD diss., University of South Carolina, 2016.

Sohnn, HunJu. “Six Major Woman Pianist: Clara Schumann, Teresa Carreño, Myra Hess, Clara Haskil, Alicia de Larrocha, and Martha Argerich” PhD diss., Rice University, 2000.

四、西文期刊：
Mann, Brian. “The Carreño Collection at Vassar College.” Notes, Second Series, Vol. 47, no. 4 (Jun. 1991): 1064-1083.

Mann, Brian. “Women Composers: Carreño, Teresa (1853-1917).” Women Composers, Vol. 6, (1999): 236-285.

Stevenson, Robert. “Teresa Carreño (1853-1917): Remembered on Her 150th Anniversary.” Latin American Music Review, Vol. 25 no. 2 (Autumn-Winter, 2004): 163-179.

五、網路資源：
Mann, Brian. “Teresa Carreño: Walküre of the Piano.” In Archives & Special Collections Library at Vassar College. Accessed October 1, 2019. https://specialcollections.vassar.edu/exhibit-highlights/2001-2005/carreno/.

Gerard Béhague, Jonathan D. Hill and Walter Guido. “Venezuela, Bolivaran Republic of (Sp. República Bolivariana de Venezuela).” In Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press, 2001–. Accessed October 1, 2019. https://0-doi.org.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29151

Pita, Laura. “Carreño, (Maria) Teresa.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press, 2015–. Accessed July 27, 2018. https://0-doi.org.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282327

Fraser, Norman. “Carreño, (Maria) Teresa.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press, 2001–. Accessed July 27, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05013.

六、有聲資料：
Oehler, Alexandra, piano. Teresa Carreno: Piano Music. ARS MUSIC AM1258-2, 1999. Compact disc.

───. Teresa Carreno (1853-1917) Rêverie – Selected Music for Piano. Grand Piano GP660, 2013. Compact disc.

Rodriguez, Clara, piano. Teresa Carreno: Piano Music. Nimbus Alliance B001URCWXK, 2009. Compact disc.

Rodriguez-Peralta, Carmen, piano. The Arriaga String Quartet. Teresa Carreño—Solo piano and chamber works. Artona MA01004, 2000. Compact disc.