研究生: |
林彬 Lin Bin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
廈門市網球運動參與者涉入程度對網球拍品牌忠誠度影響之研究 A Study of The Correlation between Tennis Participants’ Involvements and Their Loyalty to Tennis Rackets’ Brands in Xiamen City |
指導教授: |
程紹同
Cheng, Shao-Tung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育學系 Department of Physical Education |
論文出版年: | 2013 |
畢業學年度: | 101 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 120 |
中文關鍵詞: | 廈門市 、網球運動參與者 、涉入程度 、品牌忠誠度 |
英文關鍵詞: | Xiamen City, tennis participants, involvement, brand loyalty |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:267 下載:8 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討廈門市網球運動參與者涉入程度與網球拍品牌忠誠度影響之研究,以廈門市網球運動參與者為研究對象,採用便利抽樣的方式進行問卷調查,共回收450份問卷,其中有效問卷440份,將資料通過PASW 20.0統計軟體進行描述性統計、項目分析、因素分析、信度分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析以及多元逐步迴歸分析後,得到以下結論:一、廈門市網球運動參與者以男性居多,年齡大多分佈在20-29歲,教育程度以大專或本科為多,職業則以學生居多,月收入以2,000元人民幣以下居多,球齡以2-5年為主,每週參與網球運動的次數為1-2次的居多,購買一支網球拍可以接受的價格以1,001-1,500元人民幣的人數最多,目前主要使用的網球拍品牌為Wilson (威爾遜)的最多;二、廈門市網球運動參與者之涉入程度在「重要性」構面分數最高,其次為「愉悅性」構面;三、廈門市網球運動參與者之網球拍品牌忠誠度在「口碑推薦」構面得分最高,其次為「再購意願」構面;四、教育程度在大專程度的男性學生族群、球齡越長、參與網球運動次數較頻繁、可以接受中高價位網球拍的網球運動參與者,在涉入程度各構面中反應出較高的知覺同意程度;五、可以接受中高價位且使用主流品牌之網球拍的網球運動參與者,在品牌忠誠度各構面中反應出較高的知覺同意程度;六、廈門市網球運動參與者涉入程度對於網球拍品牌忠誠度之預測結果中,其整體解釋力為18.5%,其中以「中心性」之預測力為最強,其次為「風險性」、「重要性」、「愉悅性」。針對本研究結果提出以下建議:一、網球拍業者可鎖定該族群設計特別之促銷方式,除維持、提升該族群對網球拍品牌的投入程度外,亦可通過該族群以口碑推薦之方式來擴大市場佔有率;二、依據研究的分析結果顯示女性網球運動參與者在網球拍品牌忠誠度構面之數據有超越男性網球運動參與者之趨勢,故女性網球拍消費市場是有待網球拍業者開發之新市場;三、網球拍業者對主流品牌的網球拍進行新產品試打會,增加網球運動參與者對新款網球拍的接觸與體驗,可提升該品牌網球拍之銷量;四、網球拍業者欲推廣各品牌之網球拍,可通過成為當地網球賽事之獎品贊助商或者舉辦球拍試打會等促銷活動來增加其與網球拍的接觸,進而擴展市場。
This study aimed to explore the correlation between tennis participants’ involvements and their loyalty to tennis rackets’ brands in Xiamen City. The study subjects were tennis participants in Xiamen City, methodology of surveys was carried out by questionnaire. There were 450 questionnaires were distributed sample in total and 440 questionnaires were valid. The collected data was analysis by statistics software PASW 20, which includes descriptive, item analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, first of all, majority of tennis participants were male, age of most participants were around 20-29, level of education were mostly college or university. The monthly incomes were below 2,000 RMB, the experience of playing tennis was 2-5 years. Frequency of playing tennis was 1-2 times per week, in terms of tennis racket, their acceptable price was 1,000-1,500 RMB, mainly tennis racket they used is Wilson brand. Secondly, in the tennis involvement of the tennis participants in Xiamen, important factor scored highest point. Thirdly, in the brand loyalty of the tennis racket of the tennis participants in Xiamen City, intention to recommend scored highest. Fourth, varied tennis participants’ demographics toward the tennis involvement were significantly different. Fifth, varied tennis participants’ demographics toward the brand loyalty of the tennis racket were significantly different. Sixth, the tennis involvement was predictor for the brand loyalty of tennis racket. The result of this study makes the following recommendations: 1. There are promotions for the target segmentation and improving the investment of the group of the racket brand, therefore recommendation could be a way to expand market share. 2. According to the results of research analysis, the female tennis participants’ brand loyalty on racket is beyond male tennis participants. Therefore, female consumption market can be a new market to explore. 3. Base on the results, the activity of launching new racket products could be helpful for the sale of the brand. 4. In order to promote the products and expand the market, tennis product companies should try to organize the promotion activities or sponsor the local tennis match.
一、中文部分
王丁林 (2002) 。如何選購網球拍。東亞學報,22,24-1-24-2。
王世慧 (2010) 。手機使用者之產品涉入程度與品牌忠誠度之關係研究:以促銷方式為干擾變數 (未出版碩士論文) 。淡江大學,臺北市。
王振明 (2005) 。運用結構方程式探討品牌權益、服務品質、顧客滿意度、關係品質與顧客忠誠度之關係-以桃園縣加油站為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
朱征宇、陳祺、譚冬平(2007) 。廣州市居民網球活動消費特徵的研究,廣州體育學院學報,27 (2)。73-75。
朱笠瑄 (2003)。東北角海岸攀岩冒險遊憩活動之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。朝陽科技大學, 臺中縣。
吳永發 (2006)。路跑運動參與者持續涉入、休閒效益與幸福感之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立體育學院,桃園縣。
吳明隆 (2008)。SPSS操作與應用問卷統計分析實務。台北市:五南。
吳閔旋 (2011) 。臺北地區男子慢速壘球參與者休閒涉入程度與購買決策評估對顧客忠誠度影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。臺北市立教育大學,臺北市。
呂星璜 (2003) 。民宿運動參與者之休閒運動動機、阻礙及效益之研究。國立虎尾科技大學學報,29 (4),99-112。
李小曉 (2011)。李娜照耀下的中國網球。中國經濟周刊,2011 (27) ,31-34。
李孟陵 (2003) 。消費者滿意度、涉入程度對其忠誠度影響之研究-以臺北市咖啡連鎖為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立交通大學,新竹市。
李勇妹 (2008) 。福州、廈門經營性網球場的經營現狀。體育科學研究,12 (4) ,30-32。
李華 (2008) 。衝突與融合-中西方體育文化對比下的網球文化研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。湖北大學,湖北。
李榮華 (2005) 。網咖消費者顧客滿意度、涉入程度與忠誠度關係之研究-以國軍官士兵為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。大葉大學,彰化縣。
林世弘 (2008) 。臺北市羽球拍消費者品牌形象對顧客忠誠度影響之研究-線性結構方程模式之驗證 (未出版碩士論文) 。臺北市立教育大學,臺北市。
林建文 (2004) 。原品牌態度、知覺契合度與促銷活動形式對品牌延伸後品牌態度與購買意願影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。實踐大學,臺北市。
林建煌 (2009) 。臺北市:華泰文化。
林昭宏 (2010) 。化妝品顧客滿意度、涉入程度與品牌忠誠度相關性之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。義守大學,高雄縣。
林慶村 (2005),銀行業服務品質、企業形象、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度關聯性之研究(未出版碩士論文)。朝陽科技大學,臺中市。
林樹旺、黃宗成 (2003) 。青少年購買運動鞋考量因素及品牌忠誠度之研究。大專體育學刊-人文社會篇,5 (02) ,77-79。
林衢良 (2004) 。大學生撞球參與者撞球場館滿意度、涉入程度與忠誠度之關係研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣體育學院,嘉義縣。
林靈宏 (2006) 。消費者行為。臺北市:五南。
邱皓政 (2010) 化研究與統計分析。臺北市:五南。
邱瑋俊 (2004) 。產品涉入與品牌購買忠誠度之關聯性研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。淡江大學,臺北市。
邱瑋珍 (2006) 。品牌形象與品牌態度對購買意願之影響研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。淡江大學,臺北市。
施清發 (1999) 。老人的休閒參與程度與休閒體驗中自由感無聊感及休閒需求間之關係 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立高雄醫學院。高雄市。
洪靖雯 (2004) 。品牌知名度與廣告涉入程度對廣告溝通效果影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。雲林科技大學,雲林縣。
凌誠佑 (2011) 。虛擬寶物交易網站涉入程度與遊戲忠誠度之關聯性研究-以「8591」寶物交易網為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。輔仁大學,新北市。
徐達光 (2006) 。消費者心理學。臺北市:臺灣東華書局有限公司。
康志瑋 (2001) 。涉入理論於網路商品行銷之應用 (未出版碩士論文) 。長庚大學,桃源縣。
張文川 (2010) 。漳州市網球運動開展現狀與發展對策。漳州職業技術學院學報,12 (3),98-101。
張立新 (2004) 。淺析網球運動的終身健身價值。華北電力大學學報 (社會科學版) ,2004 (9) ,376-378。
梁凡(2009)。東莞市網球消費現狀及對策研究,現代商貿工業,2009 (6) ,77-78。
許黛君 (2004) 。職棒球迷的認同感、產品認知與群體規範對贊助商產品的態度及購買意願影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。私立朝陽科技大學,臺中縣。
郭淑菁 (2003) 。登山社員休閒涉入、休閒滿意度與幸福感之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。大葉大學,彰化縣。
陳如專 (2010)。論中國網球運動的發展。 赤峰學院學報(自然科學版),26 (4),154-155。
陳建國、袁繼芳 (2011)。安徽省城市網球用品消費者行為的調查分析。雞西大學學報,11 (1),153-157。
陳瑞辰 (2008) 。游泳池服務品質、顧客滿意度與再購意願之研究-以臺北縣三重市地區游泳池為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
陳鐫娟 (2007) 。廈門奧林匹克網球中心今年將如期完工。廈門日報:http://www.xmnn.cn/zt/2008mls/yaytx/200708/t20070826_297533.htm
陶志翔、胡亞斌、趙源偉、楊丹 (2005) 。中國競技網球運動現狀及其發展對策的研究。北京體育大學學報,28 (6) ,830-833。
麥吉誠 (2008) 。網球拍電子阻振系統之運動生物力學特性分析。臺大體育學報,12,21-43。
彭臺臨 (2006)。臺灣地區國民運動行為與政策意涵之研究。行政院體育委會。
程紹同、江譯群、黃煜、呂佳霙、陳美燕 (譯) (2009) 。運動行銷學。臺北市:藝軒書局。 (Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., & Sutton, W. A., 2000) 。
黃少章 (2012) 。品牌形象、品牌個性、品牌態度、品牌偏好與運動商品購買意圖關係之研究。運動傳播學刊,3,130-148。
黃炳勛 (2012) 。NIKE Facebook粉絲團使用者涉入程度與品牌忠誠度關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
黃珺 (2002)。中國近代網球運動發展的歷史回顧。體育文化導刊,2002 (1) ,79-81。
黃毅輝 (2006) 。國際青少年網球排名賽落戶廈門。東南早報:http://news.sohu.com/20060915/n245350118.shtml
黃靜芳 (2006) 。運用結構方程模式探討咖啡連鎖店服務品質, 感受價值, 品牌權益, 顧客滿意度, 顧客忠誠度關係之研究-以台北市咖啡連鎖店為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
楊佳儒 (2008) 。超級籃球聯賽現場觀眾涉入程度、球隊認同對滿意度、忠誠度與觀賞行為延伸影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣體育學院,嘉義縣。
楊坤永 (2006) 。高雄市加油站顧客滿意度與忠誠度之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。中山大學,高雄市。
楊哲維 (2005) 。表演藝術節目觀賞者休閒涉入與流暢經驗之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。南臺科技大學,臺南市。
葉宴伶 (2004) 。消費者後買行為對顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度之關聯性研究-以冷凍調理食品產業為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。中原大學,桃園縣。
廖國翔 (2008)。臺北地區網球運動參與者休閒效益與休閒阻礙因素之研究(未出版碩士論文) 。臺北市立教育大學,臺北市。
聞力婕 (2008) 。試論網球運動對促進我國城市發展的影響-以上海網球大師杯為例。巢湖學院學報,2008 (6) ,137-141。
劉居盈 (2005) 。涉入程度、顧客滿意度與品牌忠誠度之相關性研究-以空調冷氣機為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。南臺科技大學,臺南市。
劉寶華 (2008) 。中國競技網球運動發展現狀與趨勢分析。河北體育學院報, 9 (5) ,45-46。
潘明全 (2010) 。支付機制及購物情境對購買意願的影響-以產品涉入為干擾變數。行銷評論,7 (1) ,25-50。
蔡元綱 (2012) 。大臺北地區網球運動參與者涉入程度與網球拍品牌種程度之關係研究(未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
蔡巧玲 (2005) 。休閒潛水者性別角色與休閒涉入之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立體育學院體,桃園縣。
鄭伯壎 (1983) 。消費者心理學 (五版) 。臺北市:大洋出版社。
盧仁茂 (2010) 。羽球拍消費者涉入程度、滿意度、忠誠度之研究-以桃園縣為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣體育學院,嘉義縣。
蕭延錄 (2008) 。女性消費者對運動品牌事件行銷效果認知之研究-以Nike Women為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。中原大學,桃園縣。
賴昇宏 (2006) 。大專籃球聯賽現場觀眾滿意度、涉入程度與品牌權益之相關研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺南大學,臺南市。
賴儀宣 (2002) 。產業類別、生活形態對產品涉入程度影響之探討-以國立東華大學學生為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
戴琇惠 (2010) 。水中有氧運動參與者涉入程度與休閒效益之相關研究﹣以臺北市為例(未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
環球資訊 (2012) 。中國網球拍市場現狀分析,環球資訊,取自網址:http://www.icinet.com.cn/hyzx/lsxx/qyfx/2012-06-25/6173.shtml
謝文雀 (2001) 。消費者行為 (第二版) 。臺北市:華泰。
謝涵淳 (2008) 。臺北市參與網球運動者涉入程度與休閒需求之相關研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。臺北市立教育大學,臺北市。
羅晨溦 (2010) 。體驗行銷、品牌形象與運動涉入對女性消費者購買運動產品意願之研究-以Nike Women為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
蘇芳琦 (2009) 。保養品市場不同消費族群的產品屬性重視度、涉入程度和品牌忠誠度之差異分析 (未出版碩士論文) 。南臺科技大學,臺南市。
鐘政偉 (2008) 。旅客涉入程度、知覺價值、滿意度與購後行為意圖關係之研究-以臺灣觀光列車為例 (未出版碩士論文) 。中華大學,新竹市。
二、外文部分
Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand name. New York: The Free Press.
Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.
Assael, H. (1987). Consumer behavior and marketing action. Boston, NY: The Old Stone.
Baldinger, A. L., & Rubinson, J. (1996). Brand loyalty: The link between attitudeand behavior. Journal of Advertising Research, 36(6), 2234.
Baumann, C., Burton, S., & Elliott, G. (2005). Determinants of customer loyalty and share of wallet in retail banking. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 9(3), 23-49.
Bennett, R., Hatel, C. E. J., & McColl-Kennedy, J. R., (2005). Experience as a moderator of involvement and satisfaction on brand loyalty in a business-to-business setting. Industrial Marketing Management, 34, 97-107.
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer behavior (9th ed.). Madison, WI: South-Western.
Bloch, P. H., & Richins, M. L. (1983). A theoretical model for the study of product importance perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 47, 69-81.
Bolton, R. N. (1998). A dynamic model of the duration of customer’s relationship with a continuous service provider: The role of satisfaction. Marketing Science, 17, 45-65.
Brown, G. H. (1952). Brand loyalty-fact or fiction? Advertising Age, 23, 53-55.
Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects brand trust and brand affect to brand perfopmance: The role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93.
Cunningham, R. M. (1956). Brand-loyalty-what, where, how much? Harvard Business Review, 34(1), 116-128.
Day, G. S. (1969). A two-dimensional concept to brand loyalty. Journal of Advertising Research, 9(9), 29-35.
Day, G. S. (1970). Buyer attitudes and brand choice behavior. New York: Free Press.
Engel, J. F., & Blackwell, R. D. (1982). Business transformation in the internet. European Management Journal, 17, 466-476.
Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 6-21.
Freedman, J. L. (1964). Involvement, discrepancy, and change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 290-295.
Fullerton, G. (2005). The impact of brand commitment on loyalty to retail service brands. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 22(2), 97-110.
Genzi, P., & Pelloni, O. (2004). The impact of interpersonal relationships on customer satisfaction and loyalty to the service provider. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(3/4), 365-384.
Greenwald, A. G., & Leavitt, C. (1984). Audience involvement in advertising: Four levels. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 581-592.
Gremler, D. D., & Brown, S. W. (1996). Service loyalty: Its nature, importance
and implications. Advancing Service Quality: A Global Perspective, 5, 171-181.
Griffin, J. (1995). Customer loyalty: How to earn it, how to keep it. New York: Lexington Book.
Gronholdt, L., Martensen, A., & Kristensen, K. (2000). The relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty: Cross-industry differences. Total Quality Management, 11(2), 509-514.
Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12, 179-195.
Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245-278.
Havitz, M. E., Dimanche, F., & Bogle, T. (1994). Segmenting the adult fitness market using involvement profile. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12(3), 38-56.
Houston, M. J., & Rothschild, M. L. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. Research Frontiers In Marketing,184-187.
Ingrid, F. (2004). An index method for measurement of customer satisfaction. The TQM Magazine, 16(1), 57-66.
Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand loyalty: Measurement and management, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Jones, T. O., & Sasser, W. E. (1995). Why satisfied customer defect. Harvard Business Review, 73(6), 88-99.
Kim, S. S., Scott, D., & Crompton, J. L. (1997). An exploration of the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavior involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatching. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 320-341.
Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management, international edition (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (2005). Marketing management. International edition, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Krugman, H. E. (1965). The impact of television advertising learning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 349-356.
Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., & McDaniel, C. (1992). Marketing. OH: South-Western College.
Laroche, M., Kim, C., & Saunders, J. (1996). Brand familiarity and confidence as determinants of purchase intention: An empirical test in a multiple brand context. Journal of Business Research, 37(1), 115-120.
Lastovicka, J. L., & Gardner, D. M. (1979). Components of involvement, attitude research plays for high stakes, Ed. John C. Maloney and Benard Silverm, Chicago: American Marketing Association, 53-73.
Laurent, G., & Kapferer, J. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 41-53.
Li, X., & Patrick, J. F. (2009). Examining the antecedents of brand loyalty from an investment model perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 47, 25-34.
Loudon, D. L., & Bitta, A. J. (1988). Consumer behavior: Concepts and applications (4th Ed.). Mc Graw-Hill, NY: New York.
Mongeau, P. A., & Stiff, J. B. (1993). Specifying causal relationships in the elaboration likelihood model. Communication Theory, 3(1), 65-72.
Monroe, K. B., & Guiltinan, J. P. (1975). A path-analytic exploration of retail patronage influence. Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 19-28.
Mowen, J. C. (1995). Consumer behavior (4th ed.). New York: MacMillan.
Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., & Sutton, W. A. (1993). Sport marketing (1st ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., &Sutton, W. A. (2007). Sport marketing (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Oliver, R. L. (1999). When consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 33-44.
Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T., & Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: Foundations, findings and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 311336.
Olsen, S. O. (2007). Reputation loyalty: The role of involvement and satisfaction. Psychology & Marketing, 24(4), 315-341.
Pearce, P. L., & Moscardo, G. (2002). Contemporary issues in tourism development. New York: Routledge.
Pedersen, P. E., & Nysveen, H. (2001). Shopbot banking: An exploratory study of customer loyalty effects. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19, 146-155.
Peter, J.P., & Olson, J.C. (2003). Consumer behavior and marketing strategy (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: Across-cultural perspective, Journal of Direct Marketing, 9(4), 57-67.
Reichheld, F. F., & Sasser, W. E. (1990). Zero defections: Quality comes to service. Harvard Business Review, 68, 105-111.
Reynolds, T. J., Gutman, J. (1984). Advertising is image management. Journal of Advertising Research, 25, 27-37.
Robertson, T. S. (1984). Consumer behavior. Glenview III: Scott, Foresman, 22, 63-64.
Rothschild, M. L. (1979). Advertising strategies for high and low involvement situations. Attitude research plays for high stakes. In J. Malongey ed. 74-93.
Russell-Bennett, R., McColl-Kennedy, J., & Coote, L. (2007). Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business services setting . Journal of Business Research, 60(12), 1253-1260.
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer behavior (7th ed.). NJ: Prentice Hall.
Selnes, F. (1993). An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 27, 19-35.
Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947). The psychology of ego involvements, NY: John Wiley.
Slama, M. E., & Tashchian, A. (1985). Selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with purchasing involvement. Journal of Marketing, 49, 72-82.
Solomon, M. R. (2002). Consumer behavior-buying, having and being. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Speed, R., & Thompson, P. (2000). Determinants of sports sponsorship response. Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (2), 226-238.
Srinivasan, S. S., Anderson, R., & Ponnavolu, K. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce: An exploration of its antecedents and consequences. Journal of Retailing, 78(1), 41-50.
Stum, D. L., & Thirty, A. (1991). Building customer loyalty. Training and Development Journal , 45, 34-36.
Swinyard, W. R. (1993). The effects of mood, involvement, and quality of store experience on shopping intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 271-280.
Taylor, S. S., Celuch, K., & Goodwin, S. (2004). The important of brand equity to customer loyalty. The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13, 217-227.
Traylor, M. B. (1981). Product involvement and brand commitment. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(6), 51-56.
Tyebjee, T. (1979). Refinement of the involvement concept: An advertising planning point of view. In J. C. Aloney, & B. Silverman (Eds.), Attitude research plays for high stakes (94–111). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
Weiner, B., & Lerman, D. (1979). The cognition-emotion process in achievement-related contexts. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 37, 1211-1220.
Wellman, J., Roggenbuck, J., & Smith, A. (1982). Recreation specialization and norms of depreciative behavior among canoeists, Journal of Leisure Research, 14(4), 323-340.
Wiley, C. G., Shaw, S. M., & Haviz, M. E. (2000). Men’s and women’s involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 19-31.
Wong, A., & Sohal, A. (2003). Service quality and customer loyalty perspectives on twolevel of retail relationship. Journal of Services Marketing, 17(5), 495-513.
Worthington, S., Russell-Bennett, R., & Hartel, C. (2009). A tri-dimensional approach for auditing brand loyalty. Journal of Brand management, 17(4), 243-253.
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 4-14.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60, 31-46.