本研究目的在了解高中學生蔬果攝取行為現況，並探討個人背景因素、社會心理因素、社會環境因素與蔬果攝取行為之間的關係。以台南縣ㄧ所高中學生為研究對象，於民國98年4月進行正式問卷調查，共得有效樣本328人，其研究發現歸納如下:
ㄧ、近五成的研究對象有每天攝取三份蔬菜，近三成的研究對象有每天攝取
二份的水果。
二、研究對象的自覺健康狀況愈好，其蔬果攝取行為愈佳。
三、研究對象之蔬果的喜好、蔬果攝取自我效能、蔬果攝取結果期望、蔬果攝取社會支持、蔬果可獲性、蔬果可近性及蔬果攝取角色模範皆與蔬果攝取行為間呈現正相關；蔬果攝取知覺障礙與蔬果攝取行為間呈現負相關。
四、自覺健康狀況、蔬果的喜好、蔬果攝取自我效能、蔬果攝取結果期望、蔬果攝取知覺障礙、蔬果攝取社會支持、蔬果可獲性、蔬果可近性及蔬果攝取角色模範等變項，共可解釋研究對象之蔬果攝取行為46.5％的變異量（Adj R=0.465，F=23.596，p<.001）。其中以蔬果攝取自我效能對蔬果攝取行為的影響力最大。
上述研究結果可作為教育當局發展相關介入之參考。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current fruit and vegetable intake behavior of senior high school students, and to inquire personal background factors, social psychology factors and social environment factors in relationship with fruit and vegetable intake behavior. The subjects are student of a senior high school in Tainan County. In Apr 2009, The instrument of this study is a questionnaire, and the valid samples are 328. The findings are as follows:
1. About 50% of subjects consume 3 portions of vegetable a day. About 30% of subjects consume 2 portions of fruit a day.
2. Subjects who perceive their health status to be better are more likely to eat fruit and vegetable.
3. Fruit and vegetable intake behavior was positively correlated with Preferences, Self-efficacy, Outcome expectancy, Social support, Availability, Accessibility and Role modeling, then negatively correlated with Perceived barriers.
4. Variables, including the perceived health status, the preference of fruit and vegetable, the self-efficacy, the outcome expectancy, the perceived barriers, the social support, the availability, accessibility and role modeling, can totally explain 46.5％of the variation of subjects’ fruit and vegetable intake behavior.（Adj R=0.465，F=23.596，p<.001）Among those variables, the self-efficacy is the most influential factor.

Implication for use of the findings by educator in developing relevant interventions are discussed.

一、中文部分
行政院衛生署（1995）。每日飲食指南，單張，統一編號:10312855200002。

行政院衛生署（2008a）。衛生統計資訊網－死因統計。2008年5月13日，
取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/index.htm

行政院衛生署（2008b） 衛生統計系列(一) 主要死亡原因死亡人數、死亡率－按特定年齡組及性別分。2008年11月6日，取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10328&class_no=440&level_no=4

吳明隆（2009）。SPSS操作與應用：問卷統計分析實務。台北：五南。

何英忠（2004）。苗栗縣國小高年級學生營養知識、態度、飲食行為及其相
關因素之調查研究。臺中師範學院自然科學教育學研究所未出版碩士論文，台中市。

吳昭芳（2008）。台北市葫蘆國小高年級學童蔬果攝取行為相關因素之研究。
國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

何素梅（2007）。桃園縣立中壢國民中學學生攝取蔬果行為及其相關因素研
究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

李榮生（2002）。台北市不同社經背景家庭飲食健康與消費型態研究。國立
臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

兵逸儂（2008）。應用跨理論模式於北市士林區某高中學生每日五蔬果行為
介入之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論
文，台北市。

林生傳（2005）。教育社會學。台北：巨流。

林嘉甄（2002）探討台北都會地區美髮業女性的營養知識、飲食行為及其影
響因素。台北醫學院保健營養學研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

陳妍伶（2007）。彰化縣國中學生營養知識、態度、飲食行為之相關研究。
國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。
陳宙珍、李蘭、趙坤郁（2008）。門診戒菸治療之成效及其相關因素探討。
台灣衛誌，27，44-55。

陳素芬、黃松元（2005）。台北縣林口鄉國小高年級學生健康生活型態之研
究。學校衛生，47，1-24。

章慶堅、胡雪萍（2006）。某學院住宿生營養知識和飲食行為與低密度營養
教育成效研究。臺灣營養學會雜誌，3（2），40-48。

彭子倞（2003）國中教師食用健康食品行為及相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師
範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

黃美惠（2001）。中部地區高中(職)學生之營養知識、態度、飲食行為及其
相關因素之調查研究。中山醫學院營養科學研究所未出版碩士論文，台中市。

張玉鳳（2001）。台北市某國中學生攝取蔬果行為相關因素之研究。國立臺
灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

張富琴（2001）。台北市高中生危害健康行為之研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛
生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

胡惠碧（2008）。臺北縣板橋市高中職學生攝取蔬果行為及相關因素研究。
國立台灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

董佳欣（2004）。台北縣市職校餐飲科學生蔬果知識、態度及行為研究。輔
仁大學生活應用科學研究所未出版碩士論文，台北縣。

蔡晏儒（2006）。運用跨理論模式於職場員工蔬菜攝取行為之探討－以全景
企管顧問有限公司往來客戶為例。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未
出版碩士論文，台北市。

鄭惠美（2000）。學童家長與學童蔬果攝取行為研究。衛生教育學報，13，
91-106。

謝玉娟（2005）。專科學生低脂飲食行為及其相關因素之研究~以台北縣某技
術學院為例。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版碩士論文，台北市。

魏米秀、陳建宏、呂昌明（2005）。應用市場區隔分析大專生蔬果攝取行為
之研究-以某技術學院二專部學生為例。衛生教育學報，23，1-18。

魏米秀（2006）。大學生蔬果攝取行為影響因素模式發展之研究。國立臺灣
師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版博士論文，台北市。

魏米秀、呂昌明（2006）。以焦點團體訪談探討大學生蔬果攝取行為的影響
因素。衛生教育學報，26，125-145。
二、英文部分
Adams, T. B., & Colner, W. (2008). The association of multiple risk factors with fruit and vegetable intake among a nationwide sample of college students. Journal of American College Health, 56(4), 455-461.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy：Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 87, 122-147.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Baranowski, T., Cullen, K. W., Basen-Engquist, K., Wetter, D. W., Cummings, S., Martineau, D. S., Prokhorov, A.V., Chorley, J., Beech, B., & Hergenroeder, A.C. (1997). Transitions out of high school: Time of increased cancer risk? Preventive Medicine, 26(5), 694-703.

Bazzano, L. A., Li, T. Y., Joshipura, K. J., & Hu, F. B. (2008). Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women. Diabetes Care, 31(7), 1311-1317.

Befort, C., Kaur, H., Nollen, N., Sullivan, D. K., Nazir, N., Choi, W. S, Hornberger, L., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2006). Fruit, vegetable, and fat intake among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white adolescents: Associations with home availability and food consumption settings. Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 106(3), 367-373.

Bere, E., & Klepp, K. I. (2004). Correlates of fruitand vegetable intake among norwegian school children: Parental and self-reports. Public Health Nutrition, 7(8), 991-998.

Bere, E., Lenthe, F. V., Klepp, K. L., & Brug, J. (2008). Why do parents' education level and income affect the amount of fruits and vegetables adolescents eat? The European Journal of Public Health , 18(6), 611-615.

Brug, J., Lechner, L., & Vries, H. D. (1995). Psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption. Appetite,Elsevier Science, 25 (3), 285-296.

Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Yngve, A., Velde, S. J., Klepp, K.-I., Rasmussen, M., Thorsdottir, I., Wolf, A., & Brug, J. (2006). Personal, social and environmental correlates of vegetable intake in normal weight and overweight 9 to 13-year old boys. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(37).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008). Trends in the prevalence of obesity, dietary behaviors, and weight control practices national YRBS: 1991-2007. Retrieved October 12, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_obesity_diet_wt_control_trend.pdf

Chung, S. J., & Hoerr, S. L. (2005). Predictors of fruit and vegetableintakes in young adults by gender. Nutrition Research , 25, 453-463.

Cohen, N. L., Stoddard, A. M., Sarouhkhanians, S., & Sorensen, G.(1998). Barriers toward fruit and vegetable consumption in a multiethnic worksite population. Journal of Nutrition Education, 30( 6), 381-386.

Cullen, K. W., Koehly, L. M., Anderson, C., Baranowski, T., Prokhorov,A., Basen-Engquis, T. K., Wetter, D., & Hergenroeder, A. (1999). Gender differences in chronic disease risk behaviors through the transition out of high school. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 17, 1-7.

Cullen, K. W., Baranowski, T., Owens, E., Marsh, T., Rittenberrry, L., & De, M. C. (2003). Availability, accessibility, and preferences for fruit, 100% fruit juice, and vegetables influence children’s dietary behavior. Health Education & Behavior, 30(5), 615-626.

Daucht. L., Amouyel, P., & Dallongeville, J. (2005). Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Neurology, 65 (8), 1193-1197.

Giskes, K., Turrell C., Patterson, C., & Newman, B. (2002).
Socioeconomic differences among Australian adults in consumption of fruit and vegetables and intakes of vitamins A, C and folate. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 15(5), 375-385.

Granner, M. L., Sargent, R. G., Calderon, K. S., Hussey, J. R., Evans, A.E., & Watkina, K. W. (2004). Factors of fruit and vegetable intake by race, gender, and age among young adolescents. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36 (4), 173-180.

Fisher, J. O., Mitchell, D. C., Wright, H. C., & Birch, L. L. (2002).Parental influences on young girls’ fruit and vegetables micronutrient, and fat intakes. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 102(1), 58-64.

Hanson, N. I., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Eisenberg, M. E., & Story, M.(2005). Associations between parental report of the home food environment and adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. Public Health Nutrition, 8 (1), 77-85.

Hearn, M. D., Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J., Doyle, C., Smith, M., Lin, L. S & Resnicow K. (1998) Environmental influences on dietary behavior among children: Availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables enable consumption. Journal of Health Education, 29, 26-32.

Hung, H. C., Joshipura, K. J., Jiang, R., Hu, F. B., Hunter, D., Smith,S.A., Colditz, G.A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D., & Willett, W.C.,(2004). Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease.Journal of the National Cancer Institute , 96(21), 1577-1584.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size forresearch activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.

Lowry, R., Lee, S. M., Mckenna, M. L., Galluska, D. A., & Kann, L. K.(2008).Weight management and fruit and vegetable intake among US high school students. The Journal of School Health, 78(8), 417-423.

Magarey, A., Daniels, L. A., & Smith, A. (2001). Fruit and vegetable intakes of Australians aged 2-18 years: An evaluation of the 1995 national nutrition survey data. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(2), 155-161.

Mikkila¨, V., Räsänen, L., Raitakari, O. T., Pietinen, P., & Viikari, J.(2004). Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk for cardiovascular diseases: The cardiovascular risk in young finns study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,58(7), 1038-1045.

Neumark-Sztainer, D., Melanie, W., Perry, C., & Story, M.
(2003). Correlates of fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents: Findings from Project EAT. Preventive Medicine, 37(3), 198-208.

Pena, L. F. (2002). Filipino adolescents’ self-perceptions of conformity to parental standards: Predicting self-worth in the child role. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 62(12-B).

Prynne, C. J., Mishra, G. D., O’Connell, M. A., Muniz, G., Laskey, M.A., Yan, L., Prentice, A., & Ginty, F. (2006). Fruit and vegetable intakes and bone mineral status: A cross sectional study in 5 age and sex cohorts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 1420-1428.

Rapley, J., & Coulson, N. S. (2005). Stages of change and consumption of fruit and vegetables among adolescent females: Associations with decisional balance and self-efficacy : British Food Journal, 107(9), 663-670.

Resnicow, K., Davis-Hearn, M., Smith, M., Baranowksi, T., Lin, L. S., Baranowski, J., Doyle, C., & Wang, D. T. (1997). Social-cognitive predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in children. Health Psychology, 16, 272-276.

Riediger, N. D., Shooshtari, S., & Moghadasian, M. H. (2007). The influence of sociodemographic factors on patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption in canadian adolescents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107, 1511-1518.

Rogers, W. M., & Braeley, L. R. (1991). The outcome expectancies in participation motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 411-427.

Stables, G. J., Subar, A. F., Patterson, B. H., Dodd, K., Heimendinger, J., Van-duyn, M. A., & Nebeling, L. (2002). Changes in vegetable and fruit consumption and awareness among US adults: Results of the 1991 and 1997 5 a day for better health program surveys. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 809-817.

Terry, P., Giovannucci, E., Michels, K. B., Bergkvist, L., Hansen, H.,Holmberg, L., & Wolk, A. (2001). Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute,93(7), 525-533.

Thompson, V. J., Bachman, C. M., Baranowski, T., & Cullen, K.W.(2007). Self-efficacy and norm measures for lunch fruit and vegetable consumption are reliable and valid among fifth grade students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(1), 2-7.

U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture(2005). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2005. 6th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Vereecken, C. A., Damme, W. V., & Maes, L. (2005). Measuring
attitudes,self-efficacy, and social and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable consumption of 11- and 12-year-old children:Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,105(2), 257-261.

Vereecken, C. A., Inchley, J., Subramanian, S. V., Hublet, A., & Maes, L.(2005). The relative influence of individual and contextual socio-economic status on consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe. European Journal of Public Health ,15(3), 224-232.

Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (2007). Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Retrieved October 12, 2008, from
http://dpi.wi.gov/sspw/pdf/yrbs07gandg.pdf

Young, E. M. F., Stuart W., & Hayes, D. M. (2004). Associations between perceived parent behaviors and middle school student fruit and vegetable consumption. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36(1), 2-12.