過去，完美主義被視為是一種普遍性、跨領域的類人格特質。本論文檢視完美主義的普遍性以及領域特定性、性別在不同完美主義領域的表現是否有差異，以及個體在不同完美主義領域是否有相關的一致性。研究一以幾近完美主義量表修訂版為測量工具，檢視運動員以及一般人在運動、學業領域的完美主義特性，發現在高標準以及落差的完美主義的指標上，學群與領域的交互作用產生主要效果，運動員在運動領域的完美主義會顯著高於學業領域；一般人在學業領域的完美主義會顯著高於運動領域，支持完美主義為領域特定性。在高標準的向度上，性別與領域也產生交互作用，男性在運動領域的完美主義會顯著高於學業領域；女性在學業領域的完美主義會顯著高於運動領域。同時，性別在運動以及學業的完美主義相關並不相同。研究二進一步以生活領域以及學業領域檢視普遍性與特殊性的議題，同樣發現在領域上的差異，支持完美主義的領域特定性，一般人在學業領域的完美主義都會顯著高於生活領域，但在性別上並無顯著差異。同時，也發現性別在生活以及學業的完美主義相關並不相同。根據本論文的資料，建議完美主義的測量必須考慮領域以及性別上的差異。

In the past, perfectionism is regarded as a personality traits that generalizes across all domains. This Study examine the domain general of perfectionism and domain-specific, whether gender performs different in different domains of perfectionism, as well as the relativity of consistency of individuals in different domains of perfectionism.
In Study 1, applying Almost Perfectionism Scale Revised as measurement, examine the characteristics of perfectionism for athletes and average person in sports、academic domain, and discovered: on the indicators of high standards and discrepancy perfectionism, the interaction between learning groups and areas resulted the main effect: the perfectionist in sport domain significantly higher than academic domain for athletes; while average person tend to have higher perfectionist in the academic domain, supporting the idea of the domain-specific perfectionism. On the high standard dimension, gender and domain also interacts, male tend to have higher perfectionist in sports domain comparing to the perfectionist in academic domain; while female have higher perfectionist in the academic domain. Meanwhile, in the studies of the perfectionism in sports and academic domains , gender is only relevant ,not identical.
In Study 2, went further in the domain of life and academic, examining the issues of universality and particularity, also discovered the differences between the domains, supporting domain-specific of perfectionism, average person would have higher perfectionism in their academic domain comparing to the domestic domain, but no significant differences between genders. The study also discovered that perfectionism in domestic and academic, gender is relevant, not identical. According to the data of this thesis, suggesting that the measurement of perfectionism must take the domain and the gender difference into consideration.

中文部分
吳明隆（2010）：SPSS操作與應用變異數分析實務(第二版)。台北：五南。
邱浩政（2010）：量化研究與統計分析：SPSS(PASW)資料分析範例解析。台北：五南。
陳正昌、張慶勳（2007）：量化研究與統計分析。台北：新學林。
陳正嘉、柯慧貞、林旻沛、周鉦翔與陳廣圻（2011）。中文版多向度完美主義量表之心理計量分析。中華心理衛生學刊，24（1），61-96。
張春興（1995)：張氏心理學辭典(二版)。台北：東華。
英文部分
Adkins, K. K., & Parker, W. (1996). Perfectionism and suicidal preoccupation. Journal of Personality , 64(2), 529-543.
Ashby, J. S., & Bruner, L. P. (2005). Multidimensional perfectionism and obsessive‐compulsive behaviors. Journal of College Counseling, 8(1), 31-40.
Broday, S. F., & Sedlacek, W. E. (1988). Factor analysis and reliability of the burns perfectionism scale. Psychological Reports, 62(3), 806-806.
Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 14(6), 34-52.
Dunn, J. G. H., Dunn, J. C., & Mcdonald, K. (2012). Domain-specific perfectionism in intercollegiate athletes: Relationships with perceived competence and perceived importance in sport and school. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 747-755.
Dunn, J. G. H., Gotwals, J. K., & Dunn, J. C. (2005). An examination of the domain specificity of perfectionism among intercollegiate student-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1439-1448.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Hallett, C. J. (1995). Perfectionism and job stress in teachers. Canadian Journal of School Psychology. ,11(1), 32-42.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Oliver, J. M., & Macdonald, S. (2002). Perfectionism in children and their parents: A developmental analysis.In Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L (Eds.),Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 89-132). Washington, DC, : American Psychological Association.
Gove, P. B. (1986).Webster' s third new international dictionary. MA: Merriam-Webster. Barrow, J C., & Moore, C. A (1983). Group interventions with perfectionistic thinking . Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61, 612-615.
Grzegorek, J. L., Slaney, R. B., Franze, S., & Rice, K. G. (2004). Self-criticism, dependency, self-esteem, and grade point average satisfaction among clusters of perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 192-200.
Haase, A. M., Prapavessis, H., & Owens, R. G. (2013). Domain-specificity in perfectionism: Variations across domains of life. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(6), 711-715.
Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15(1), 27-33.
Hewitt, P. L., & Dyck, D. G. (1986). Perfectionism, stress, and vulnerability to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10(1), 137-142.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(1), 98-101.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 456.
Hewitt, P. L., Mittelstaedt, W., & Wollert, R. (1989). Validation of a measure of perfectionism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(1), 133-144.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Mikail, S. F. (1995). Perfectionism and relationship adjustment in pain patients and their spouses. Journal of Family Psychology,9(3), 335.
Hollender, M. H. (1965). Perfectionism. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6(2), 94-103.
Mcardle, S. (2010). Exploring domain-specific perfectionism. Journal of Personality, 78(2), 493-508.
Mitchelson, J. K., & Burns, L. R. (1998). Career mothers and perfectionism: Stress at work and at home. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3), 477-485.
Pacht, A. R. (1984). Reflections on perfection. American Psychologist, 39(4), 386.
Preusser, K. J. (1997). The development and validation of the adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism scale. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Purdue University.
Rhéaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Dugas, M. J., Letarte, H., & Ladouceur, R. (1995). Perfectionism, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(7), 785-794.
Rice, K. G., & Preusser, K. J. (2002). The adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34(4), 210.
Rice, K. G., & Slaney, R. B. (2002). Clusters of perfectionists: Two studies of emotional adjustment and academic achievement. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 35(1), 35-48.
Slade, P. D., & Owens, R. G. (1998). A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory. Behavior Modification, 22(3), 372-390.
Slaney, R. B., & Ashby, J. S. (1996). Perfectionists: Study of a criterion group. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74(4), 393-398.
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34(3), 130-145.
Stoeber, J., & Stoeber, F. S. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 530-535.
Stumpf, H., & Parker, W. D. (2000). A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(5), 837-852.
Terry-Short, L. A., Owens, R. G., Slade, P., & Dewey, M. (1995). Positive and negative perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(5), 663-668.