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研究生：	司徒彤恩 Sytwu, Tong-Ann
論文名稱：	個人差異對擴增實境應用於英語單字學習之影響 An Investigation of the Effects of Individual Differences on Mobile-Based Augmented Reality English Vocabulary Instruction
指導教授：	王健華 Wang, Chien-Hwa
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	圖文傳播學系 Department of Graphic Arts and Communications
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	72
中文關鍵詞：	英文單字學習、行動學習、擴增實境、情境學習、學習風格
英文關鍵詞：	English vocabulary learning, mobile learning, augmented reality, situated learning, learning styles
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：120 下載：0
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英語單字學習在第二外語學習上扮演著重要的角色。然而，傳統學校教學下建構的知識與資訊是去情境化、間接及抽象的，並且侷限在教室的情境之中。為了解決傳統教室情境內的問題，教學方式逐漸從行為主義轉變為情境式的教學法。隨著科技的發展，擴增實境 (augmented reality, AR) 因為擁有在真實世界中提供額外、情境式的資訊來輔助學習的作用與特色，成為實現情境學習的方式之一。本研究目的在於探討學習者的個人差異──不同的學習風格（場依賴∕獨立）與不同英文程度（高∕低）的學習者，在使用英語單字的行動擴增實境學習系統後，在學習成效及學習動機上是否有差異。本研究採用實驗法及訪談法。研究結果顯示：場依賴學習者使用行動擴增實際學習單字時有顯著的效益；學生本身英文程度高低在使用此方法學習時，並不顯著影響成效；另外學習風格以及英文高低程度之不同皆不影響學習動機。根據研究結果，學生之個人差異應被考量，並輔以情境式的教學來有效提昇學習成效與動機。

Mobile devices are now widely owned and available to the majority of people. While the affordances of mobile learning include supporting a more personalized, authentic, situated learning based on the findings of many studies, it’s crucial and urgent to start rethink pedagogy and learning using mobile devices. Additionally, as the concept of augmented reality (AR) enables learners to receive additional, valuable information in a real setting, this study, thus, aims to investigate the effect of a mobile-based augmented reality simulation learning system for English vocabulary acquisition on learners of different learning styles (field independence/dependence, FI/FD) and English proficiency (high/low) in terms of learning outcome and motivation. An experimental research design was used in this study to identify any differences between FI, FD students, and high/low English proficiency learners. The results showed that FD learners benefitted significantly from the mobile AR instruction on learning outcome; there was a borderline significant difference between high and low English proficiency learners on learning outcome; and neither learning styles nor English proficiency affected learning motivation after the mobile AR instruction was applied. From the findings of the present study, individual difference should be considered when a new instructional approach is applied in order to make learning more effective and motivating.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements    iii
Chinese Abstract    iv
Abstract    v
Table of Contents    vi
List of Tables    x
List of Figures    xii
CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION    1
1 Motivation and Background    1
1.1 The importance of vocabulary learning    1
1.2 Current situation and problems in English vocabulary learning    1
1.3 AR as a solution to support situated learning    3
2 Research Objectives and Questions    4
3 Limitations    5
4 Definition of Terms    5
4.1 Field independent/dependent (FI/D)    5
4.2 Augmented Reality    6
CHAPTER TWO  LITERATURE REVIEW    7
1 English vocabulary learning    7
1.1 English vocabulary learning methods and strategies    7
1.2 Challenges learners encounter in English vocabulary learning    10
1.3 English vocabulary learning and learning styles, FI/D    11
1.4 English Vocabulary Learning and Learners’ English Proficiency    13
2 Situated learning    14
2.1 Critical characteristics of situated learning for instructional design    14
2.2 Augmented reality to support situated learning    15
2.2.1 Features and affordances of AR    16
2.2.2 Instructional and learning approaches of AR    17
2.3 Technology-supported situated learning in language acquisition    18
3 Brief Summary    19
CHAPTER THREE  METHODOLOGY    21
1 Method    21
2 Participants    23
3 Mobile-based AR Simulations Learning System Overview    25
3.1 Preparation    26
4 Procedure    27
5 Variables and Instruments    32
5.1 Group Embedded Figures Test    32
5.2 The motivation survey    34
5.3 English vocabulary test    36
5.4 Interview    37
6 Data Analysis    37
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS    39
1 Research Question 1: Is there a significant difference between FD and FI learners in the mobile augmented-reality-supported English vocabulary instruction?    39
1.1 And which group of learners, FI or FD, benefits more from such instruction?    41
2 Research Question 2: Is there a significant difference between FD and FI learners in learning motivation while the mobile augmented-reality instruction was applied?    42
3 Research Question 3: Is there a significant difference between learners of high and low English proficiency levels in the mobile augmented-reality-supported English vocabulary instruction?    43
3.1 And which group of learners, high or low English proficiency learners, benefits more from such instruction?    45
4 Research Question 4: Is there a significant difference between learners of high and low English proficiency levels in learning motivation while the mobile augmented-reality instruction was applied?    46
5 Findings from the Interviews    48
5.1 Fun    48
5.2 Effectiveness    49
5.3 Satisfaction    50
5.4 Confidence    51
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION    52
1 Summary and Discussion of Major Findings    52
1.1 The Effects of Learning Style, FI/FD on Learning Outcome    52
1.2 The Effects of Learning Style, FI/FD on Learning Motivation    53
1.3 The Effects of English Proficiency, High/Low on Learning Outcome    53
1.4 The Effects of English Proficiency, High/Low on Learning Motivation    54
2 Pedagogical Implications    55
3 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Future Research    56
REFERENCES    59
APPENDICES    66
Appendix A: Target Words    66
Appendix B: Motivation Questionnaire    67
Appendix C: English Vocabulary Test    69

                                

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