本研究旨在探討104學年度UVL大專校院排球聯賽公開一級舉球員的同儕領導對運動自信心與運動表現之預測。施測對象以有晉級104學年度UVL大專校院公開一級複賽之24支男、女生隊伍。經徵得選手同意後，以「同儕領導量表」測量選手知覺舉球員的同儕領導，以及以「狀態運動自信心量表」、「運動表現量表」測量其運動自信心和運動表現，共計發放有254份，有效問卷為182份。研究蒐集所得資料經描述性統計、皮爾遜績差相關、獨立樣本t-test、單因子變異數分析和簡單線性迴歸進行分析。結果顯示：(一) 104學年大專公開一級男女排球選手知覺到舉球員在同儕領導的「社會領導」較高，「外部領導」較少，且在運動自信心方面則知覺到中高水準，而運動表現則知覺到中等程度；(二) 104學年大專公開一級男女排球選手知覺到舉球員同儕領導的「任務領導」、「社會領導」、「外部領」在性別有差異，「外部領導」在年級與年齡的差異；在運動自信心在性別、年級和球齡的差異。(三) 104學年大專公開一級男女排球選手知覺到舉球員同儕領導的「社會領導」在運動自信心與運動表現呈正相關；「外部領導」在運動表現呈正相關；「個人才能」在運動自信心呈正相關。(四) 104學年大專公開一級男女排球選手在知覺舉球員同儕領導的「社會領導」與「個人才能」能正向預測運動自信心。(五) 104學年大專公開一級男女排球選手在知覺舉球員同儕領導的「社會領導」與「外部領導」能正向預測運動表現。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of the division I collegiate volleyball players perceived setter's peer leadership on sport confidence and sport performance. The participants were from 12 male and 12 female teams division I universities compete in university volleyball 2015. After received informed consent, participants were requested to complete Peer Leadership scale to measure perceived Setter's Peer Leadership and sport confidence, sport performance scale to measure perceived sport confidence and sport performance. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, independent sampling t-test, one way ANOVA and simple linear regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that: (1) collegiate volleyball players perceived setter's peer leadership show the highest level in social leadership, external leadership shows the lowest level. In the sport confidence, shows the high degree level. Sport performance shows the intermediate level. (2) The task Leadership, social leadership, external leadership shows significant difference in different gender. In sport confidence were significant differences on gender, grade and ball age. (3) The social leadership was positively associated with sport confidence and sport performance. The external leadership was positively associated in spot performance. The personal ability was positively associated in sport confidence. (4)The social leadership and personal ability could be predicted sport confidence. (5) The social leadership and external leadership could be predicted sport performance.

一、中文部分
王吟勤 (2007)。高中啦啦隊選手團隊凝聚力、運動自信心與運動表現之相關研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立中正大學，嘉義縣。

王明如 (2007)。大專排球特優級選手之家長式領導、團隊凝聚力與團隊滿意度相關研究(未出版碩士論文)。輔仁大學，台北縣。

王國丞 (2001)。全國舉重選手知覺教練領導行為、運動自信心與成績表現影響之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立教育大學，台北市。

王耀聰 (1997)。領導理論與運動教練領導行為的探討。中華體育季刊，10(4)，12-20。

吳素卿 (2001)。足球選手目標取向、知覺運動動機氣候與運動自信心來源之相關研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立體育學院，桃園縣。

吳清基、陳美玉、楊振昇、顏國樑 (2000)。教育行政。台北市：五南。

呂碧琴 (1991)。自信心與運動表現。中華體育季刊，4(4)，21-25。

卓國雄 (2004)。運動自信心來源問卷之修訂。國立體育學院論叢，15(1)，217-231。

周怡欣 (2014)。合球運動員同儕領導、性別刻板印象與團隊效能的關係 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學，臺北市。

周俊文 (2002)。運動自信心之探討。中華體育季刊，16(4)，60-67。

周進發、邱榮貞、孟範武、何金山 (2013)。排球舉球員對團隊戰力之探討。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，12(2)，184-191。

季力康 (1996)。建立自信心的好方法。中華棒球，55，83-85。

邱旺璋 (2002)。足球教練領導行為與團隊凝聚力之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。輔仁大學，新北市。

胡文雄 (1991)。如何訓練舉球員。大專體育，1(4)，36-42。

范熾文 (2002)。學校行政原理。台北市：師大書苑。

徐偉閔 (2010)。運動員同儕領導行為測量之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。

翁正哲、楊秀珠、康龍豐 (2014)。運動選手知覺教練領導行為對運動自信心影響之研究。運動與健康研究，3(3)，1-10。

高三幅 (2007)。運動領導理論的發展及可行的研究方向。中湖體育季刊，21(1)，59-66。

張春興 (1989)。張氏心理學辭典。臺北市：東華。

張庭語 (2002)。跆拳道選手目標取向、知覺動機氣候與運動自信心之相關研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立體育學院，桃園縣。

張鼎乾 (2011)。大專籃球選手知覺教練領導行為與運動自信心來源之關聯性。運動教練科學，24，81-94。

張慶勳 (1997)。學校組織轉化領導研究。高雄：復文。

曹健仲、黃榮男 (2013)。優秀排球運動選手專業能力評估模式建構。運動研究，22(2)，44-57。

許晊豪、季力康 (1998)。擊劍運動員運動自信心與賽前狀態性焦慮之探討。1998國際大專運動教練科學研討會專刊。

許樹淵 (1993)。1992年奧運排球賽技術效率分析。中華體育，27，11-16。

郭香雲 (2003)。團隊文化與運動員特徵對運動自信心來源的影響 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立體育學院運動科學研究所，臺北市。

陳俊生 (2002)。促進學校教育革新的關鍵---轉型領導。學校行政雙月刊，18。16-28。

陳建勳 (2005)。高中籃球教練領導行為對運動自信心與焦慮之影響 (未出版碩士論文)。 國立體育學院，桃園縣。

喻禮國 (2011)。甲二級大專籃球教練領導行為對球員自信心與團隊凝聚力。高應科大體育，10，1-10。

湯慧娟、莊惠菁 (2010)。大專排球選手知覺教練領導行為與運動自信心來源之關係 (未出版論文) 。臺東大學體育系，台東縣。

稅尚雪、黃正一、馬君萍(2015)。影響世界優秀女子排球比賽結果關鍵因素之分析。興大體育學刊，14，63-71。

黃心蒂 (2010)。體操選手知覺教練選手關係、運動動機、運動表現及主觀安適感之關係研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學，彰化縣。

黃宏裕(2005)。大專男子排球選手運動心理技能之研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，1(1)。

黃昆輝 (1989)。教育行政學。台北：東華。

黃明義、梁伊傑、黃宏裕、倪雅華 (2007)。青少年排球舉球員科學選材探討。淡江體育，10，195-203。

黃俊龍、蔡俊傑 (2009)。排球選手同儕關係之研究。排球教練科學，14，10-18。

黃崇儒 (2003)。運動員自信心來源量表的編製。大專體育學刊，5(2)，91-101。

黃崇儒、郭香雲 (1999)。運動員自信心的來源。中華體育季刊，13(3)，60-66。

楊志鴻。國中排球選手知覺教練領導行爲與團隊凝聚力之研究。排球教練科學，15，15-21。

詹宏文、王宏義 (2010)。自信心理論及運動自信心之相關研究之探討。國立臺中教育大學體育學系學刊，5，35-40。

劉一民譯(1990)。運動員的穩定性與自信心。中華體育，4(2)，22-27。

劉希香 (2007)。排球發球攻擊性與比賽結果的探討。連雲港職業技術學院學報，20(4)， 78-80。

蔣憶德、陳淑滿、葉志仙 (2001)。教練領導行為與團隊凝聚力之相關研究。體育學報，30，195-205 。

鄧婉瑜 (2001)。大專女子壘球投手運動自信心與狀態焦慮對控球準確性之關係 (未出版碩士論文)。台北市立體育學院，臺北市。

鄭松益 (2001)。台灣地區高中排球教練領導行為與選手滿意度關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。台北市立體育學院，臺北市。

儲建新 (2005)。非體育專業大學生自信心培養的對策。平源大學學報，22(5)，88-89。

謝聖國 (2014)。教練家長式領導與同儕領導對國小排球選手同儕互動關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。

蘇芷筳(2016)。大專籃球選手知覺教練領導行為與依附行為對運動表現之預測。(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。

蘇碧鴻、文國龍、鄭淵元、韓學斌 (2009)。自信心對運動表現的影響。黃埔學報，56，41-46。

二、英文部分
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2)，191-215.

Bandure, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 359-373.

Barrow, J. C. (1977). The Variables of Leadership: A Review and Conceptual Framework. Academy of Management Review, 1(2), 231-251.

Bass, Bernard M., & Riggio, Ronald E.(2006). Transformational Leadership. (2nd ed.), Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Bednarek, F., Benson, L., & Ｍustafa , H. (1976). Indentifying peer leadership on small work groups. Small Group Behavior, 7, 307-316.

Carron, A.V., Hausenblas, H.A., & Eys, M. A. (2005). Group Dynamics in Sport (3 rd.ed). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.

Caserta, R. J. (2002). Sport-confidence as related to performance in male and female tennis players. Unpublished master’s thesis, Springfield College, Massachusetts.

Chen, X. P., & Farh, J. L. (1999). The effectiveness of transactional and transformational leader behaviors in Chinese organizations: Evidence from Taiwan. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Chicago.

Dale, J. & Weinberg, R. (1990). Burnout in sport: A review and critique. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2(1)，67-83.

Doherty, A. (1997). The effect of leader characteristics on the perceived transformation/ transactional leadership and impact of interuniversity athlete administrators. Journal of Sport Management, 11, 275-285.

Ewart, C. K., Taylor, C. B., Resse, L. B., & Debusk, R. F. (1983). Effects of early postmyocardial infarction exercise testing on self-perception and subsequent physical activity. The American Journal of Cardiology, 51(7), 1076-1080.

Feltz, D. L. (1988). Self-confidence and sports performance. Exercise and sport sciences Reviews (pp. 423-457). New York: MacMillan.

Feltz, D. L. (1988). Self-confidence and Sports performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences reviews. George, T. R. (1994). Self-confidence and basketball performance: A Causal examination of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16(4)，381-399.

Fiedler, F.E. (1967). A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Gayton, W. F., ＆ Nickless, C. J. (1987). An investigation of the validity of the trait and state sport-confidence inventories in predicting marathon performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65(2), 481-482.

Gould, D. (1981). Sources and consequences of athletic burnout among college athletes. Journal of Sport Intercollegiate Sport, 2(1), 16-30.

Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The sport psychologist, 1(4)，293-308.

Griffin, N. S. (1984). Performer Perceptions of Movement Confidence. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 395-407.

Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. H. (1977). Management of Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.).Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.

Hilmes, R. M., Mcneil, M., Adorna, P. A., & Procaccion, J. K. (2008). Collegiate student athletes’ preferences and perceptions regarding peer relationships. Journal of Sport Behavior, 31, 338-351.

Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational behavior and human performance, 22(3), 375-403.

Kozub, S. A. & Pease, D. G (2001). Coach and player leadership in high school basketball. Journal of sport Pedagogy: Teaching and Coaching in Sport, 7, 1-15.

Lewis, Ｇ. H (1972). Role differentiation. American Sociological Review,37,424-434.

Loughead, T. & Hardy, J. (2005). An examination of coach and peer leader behaviors in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 303-312.

Loughead, T. M. & Hardy, J. (2005). An examination of coach and peer leader behaviors in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(3), 303-312.

Mabry, E. A. & Barnes, R. E. (1980). The dynamics of small group communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Mahoney, M.J., Gabriel, T. J., & Perkins, T. S. (1987). Psychological skills and exceptional athletic performance. The Sport Psychologist, 1(3), 181-199.

Martin, J. J. & Gill, D. L. (1995). Competitive orientation, self-efficacy and goal importance in fillip marathoners. Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 348-358.

Ng, J.K., Cheung, S.Y., & Fung. L. (2001). Role of trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence in affecting competitive track and field performances. Journal fo the International Council for Health Physical Education Recreation Sport and Dance, 37(3)，35-38.

Northoues, P. G. (2006). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rauch C. F., & Behling O. (1984). “Functionalism: Basis for an Alternate Approach to the Study of Leadership”, In Hunt, J. G., et al. (Eds.) Leaders and Managers: International Perspective on Managerial Behavior and Leadership, N.Y.: Elmsford.
Ress, C. R. & Segal, M. W. (1984). Role differentiation in groups: The relationship between instrumental and expressive leadership. Small Group Behavior, 15, 109-123.

Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. The Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 35-71.

Treasure, D. C., Monson, j., & Lox, C. L. (1996). Relationship between self-efficacy, wrestling performance, and affect prior to competition. Journal of Sport Psychologist, 10, 73-83.

Trost, S. G., Pate, M., Dowad, M., Saunders, R., & Felten, G. (1996). Gender differences in physical activity and determinants of physical activity in rural fifth grade children. Journal of School Health, 66(3), 145-150.

Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development . Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3)，221-246.

Vealey, R. S., Hayashi, S. W., Holman, M. G., & Giacobbi, P. (1998). Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,20，54-80.

Vealey, R.S. (1988). Sport-confidence and competitive orientation: An addendum on scoring procedures and gender differences. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 471-478.
Weinberg, R. S., & Jackson, A. (1979). Competition and extrinsic rewards: Effect on intrinsic motivation and attribution. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 50, 494-502.

Weinberg, R. S., & Jackson, A. (1990). Building self-efficacy in tennis players: A coach’s perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 164-174.

Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (1995). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Wheelan, S. A., & Johnston, F. (1996). The role of informal member leaders in a system containing formal leader. Small Group Research, 27(1), 33-55.

Wilks, R. L., & Summers, J. J. (1984). Cognitions, mediating variables, and strength performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 351-359.

Yukelson, D., Weinberg, R., Richardson, P., ＆ Jackson, A. (1983). Interpersonal attraction and leadership within collegiate sport teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 6, 28-36.

Yukl, G. (2002). Influence tactics and leader effectiveness. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.