研究生: |
蔡蕎優 Tsai, Chiao-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
跆拳道對打正拳得分之探討 The Study of Punch Points in Taekwondo Sparring |
指導教授: |
劉有德
Liu, Yeou-Teh |
口試委員: | 陳秀惠 宋玉麒 劉有德 |
口試日期: | 2021/01/27 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
運動競技學系 Department of Athletic Performance |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 109 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 49 |
中文關鍵詞: | 裁判 、主觀評分 、動作標準 |
英文關鍵詞: | Referee, Subjective score, Movement criteria |
研究方法: | 質性研究分析法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101655 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:104 下載:18 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
背景:跆拳道對打自2008年北京奧運後採用電子護具,2015年增設電子頭盔以提高比賽客觀性,目前唯一以裁判判分動作為正拳,在近年的比賽中,正拳使用率和得分率逐漸上升。目的:探討跆拳道正拳得分要素,以及教練和選手對於女子不同層級和不同奧運量級之對打比賽正拳給分差異。方法:請3位國際裁判建立得分正拳校標內容,以2019年世錦賽和108年全運會女子奧運前二量級八強賽之正拳片段作為樣本,每段影片播放2次並以亂數表隨機排序。請對打教練與選手各10位,判斷樣本是否得分和是否符合校標,以三因子變異數分析檢驗參與者對不同層級、量級的一致性和訊息正確率之影響,和二因子變異數分析檢驗參與者2次相同片段判分一致性與實際比賽有無得分和參與者判分的正確性之校標組合動作比率。結果:裁判得分校標為打擊顏色區域、完整性和力道;判分一致性在第二量級上顯著高於第一量級;國內訊息正確率顯著高於國際,而國內第二量級顯著高於國內第一量級。在參與者判斷2次相同片段時,三項校標全有情況下,2次相同片段皆給分顯著高於皆未給分,而三項校標全無和僅有打擊顏色則是2次相同片段皆未給分顯著高於皆給分。在實際比賽無論得分與否的情形下,只要達成三項校標,參與者給分顯著高於未給分;而未達三項校標,參與者未給分則顯著高於給分。結論:根據裁判在對打比賽中的得分正拳須以立拳或正拳完整打擊至護胸顏色區域,且力道足夠使對手重心向後。教練和選手與裁判有相近的判別標準,不過在標準判斷上有較寬鬆的現象。建議:未來可就不同性別和量級進行探討,而在跆拳道護具電子化的狀況下,手套若能電子化,能更提升比賽的公平性與客觀性。
Background:Taekwondo sparring started using electronic protectors after 2008 Beijing Olympic Games; furthermore, it started using electronic helmet since 2015. Punch is the only technique that scores are awarded by the referees. The performance and scoring percentage of punch has been rising in recent years. Purpose:To investigate the characteristics of scoring punches in Taekwondo sparring, and to examine the difference of the awarded scores between Taekwondo coaches and athletes for different levels and Olympic weight categories of the women’s competitions. Methods:Three international Taekwondo referees were invited to establish the characteristics of the scoring punches. Punches videos from the quarter-finals of Taekwondo sparring competitions of 2 female Olympic categories of the 2019 World Taekwondo Championship and 2019 National Game of Taiwan were used as samples. Each punch video was used twice as testing videos with a random order. Ten Taekwondo coaches and athletes viewed the punch videos and provided their scoring as well as the characteristics judgement of the punches. The consistency and correct information were used in the 3-way ANOVA to examine the effects from the categories and levels of the Taekwondo competitions as well as the coaches and athletes. Two-way ANOVAs were used for examining the occurrence ratio of the identical scoring judgement of each punch and the 9 combinations of the effective scoring characteristics of punches, and the combinations of score/no-score in game and score-no-score in judgement. Results:Three effective scoring characteristics were identified: hitting on the colored protector (color), solid fist contact (solid), and significant body displacement (displacement). The second weight category had significantly higher scoring consistency than the first category. The national competitions had significantly higher correct information than the international ones but the second weight category was only significantly higher than the first category in the national competitions. For those punches where both videos had identical scoring judgement from a participant, there were significantly higher ratio of score than no-score for the color/solid/displacement-set while significantly higher ratio of no-score than score was found in both color-only and none. The color/solid/displacement-set also resulted in significantly higher ratio of scores in scoring judgement regardless of scores/no-scores in competitions. In addition, higher ratio of no-scores in scoring judgement was found when none of the 3 effective characteristics of punches were checked. Conclusion:According to the international referees, scored punches must have a solid contact on the colored area, and resulted in a significant displacement of the center of mass of the opponent in the direction of the punch. Participants have similar standards with referees; however, they might be more lenient than referees in scoring. Suggestions:Future studies may examine the punch performance in different sex and weight categories. Moreover, the development of electronic gloves might increase the fairness and objectivity in the games.
江佳臻、蔡明志、余泳樟(2015)。跆拳道比賽規則修訂對選手攻擊型態改變之探討。輔仁大學體育學刊,14,121-134。
王朝仁、邱共鉦、陳淑貞(2014)。跆拳道核心運動能力之探討。跆拳道學刊,(1),45-58。
李阿強、劉學奎、陳鑫明(2006)。U型場地單板雪上技巧比賽中影響裁判公正執法的因素分析。冰雪運動,5,21-22。
邱共鉦、陳淑貞(2018)。臺灣跆拳道發展論述研究。跆拳道學刊,(5),37-60。
邱共鉦、蔡明志、陳淑貞、吳燕妮(2007)。95年全中運高中男子組跆拳道比賽各量級金牌選手技術分析之研究。輔仁大學體育學刊,(6),189-198。
林小美、周小平(2003)。影響武術套路裁判員執裁能力的因素分析。中國體育科技,39 卷7期,62-64頁。
林清和(1981)。中華民國64年與67年臺灣區運動會競技體操裁判評審分數客觀性的比較研究。體育學報,(3),107-141。
洪俊安、石濠誠、周桂名、河龍成(2006)。第二屆總統盃跆拳道錦標賽-新規則驟死戰分析研究。競技運動,8(2),6-15。
洪榮聰、毛彥明、謝文芳(2006)。跆拳道不同正拳攻擊型態之力量比較與應用。建國科大學報,25(3),35-44。
洪榮聰(2008)。跆拳道技擊競賽不同攻擊動作與得分之公平性研究。運動與遊憩研究,3(1),169-185。
周桂名(2001)。跆拳道競賽中裁判判分差異之研究。體育學報,(8),53-64。
周桂名、陳維智、蔡明昌(2010)。採用LAJUST電子護具對跆拳道比賽影響之技術分析~以2010年亞運會初選暨亞洲盃國家代表隊選拔賽為例~。競技運動,12(1), 1-9。
胡博綱、秦玉芳、陳銨漵、蘇泰源(2011)。跆拳道比賽新規則攻擊動作技術分析之研究。 運動研究,20(2),12-20。
吳燕妮(2016)。2014 年世界青少年跆拳道錦標賽女子金牌選手得分技術分析。運動教練科學,(42),1-9。
高銘鍵、吳燕妮(2010)。跆拳道比賽技術分析――以2009年香港東亞運男子金牌選手為例。2010大專跆拳道學刊,(2),75-84。
高麗娟、黃光獻(2014)。體育運動質性資料分析方法。體育學報,47(2),159-177。
陳正博(2002)。電腦評分機影響拳擊比賽勝負之分析。大專體育,(59),158-163。
陳加安、劉小嫻、蔡明志(2018)。2017年台北世界大學運動會跆拳道比賽男子金牌選手技術分析研究。跆拳道學刊,(5),17-35。
張芝樺(2012)。跆拳道競賽副審裁判員給分差異之研究-以98年全國大專院校運動會為例。臺灣師範大學運動競技學系學位論文,1-37。
許樹淵(1993)。1992年奧運會男體操賽裁判員評分一致性的探討。體育學報,(15), 163-180。
賀中慧(2016)。跆拳道競賽戰術應用之剖析。中華體育季刊,30(1),73-78。
曾盟堡(2001)。運用多層面 Rasch 模式分析運動裁判之判決-以標準舞為例。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
黃瑞琴(2002)。質的教育研究方法。臺北市:心理出版社。
鄭仕一、鄭幸洵、蕭君玲(2002)。國術、武術、競技體操、韻律體操及體育運動舞蹈之競賽規則比較研究。康寧學報,(4),213-235。
蔡友文、闕月清、張家銘(2009)。97年全中運國女組跆拳道前三量級技戰術分析。體育學報,42(1),39-54。
蔡恆政(2002) 。國際男子競技體操裁判員評分準確性之探討。臺灣師範大學體育學系學位論文,1-73。
蔡蕎優、劉有德(2019)。跆拳道對打正拳給分之探討。108年台灣運動心理學會年會暨學術研討會海報發表。
蔡蕎優、劉有德(2019)。跆拳道對打攻擊前步伐型態與第一攻擊技術表現之探討。108年全大運體育運動學術研討會海報發表。
劉小嫻、熊漢琳、王俊傑、王元聖(2014)。2013年世界跆拳道錦標賽攻擊動作技術分析。運動研究,23(2),43-59。
謝春鳳(2007)。跆拳道裁判資歷與給分差異之相關探討-以 2007年全國運動會為例。國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)教練研究所碩士論文。
蕭英傑、陳靜玲、蔡明志(2018)。106 年大專運動會跆拳道比賽公開女子組金牌選手技術分析。跆拳道學刊,(5),1-16。
薛堯舜、蔡榮順(2013)。拳擊電子計分器發展與使用之探討。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊,12(3),277-284。
Bartlett, R.M. (2001) ‘Performance analysis: can bringing together biomechanics and notational analysis benefit coaches?’, International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 1: 122-6.
Bartlett, R.M. (2007) Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analyzing Human Movement Patterns, 2nd edn., Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Burke, D. T., Barfoot, K., Bryant, S., Schneider, J. C., Kim, H. J., & Levin, G. (2003). Effect of implementation of safety measures in tae kwon do competition. British journal of sports medicine, 37(5), 401-404.
Kordi, R., Maffulli, N., Wroble, R. R., & Wallace, W. A. (Eds.). (2009). Combat sports medicine. Springer Science & Business Media.
Lyman, S., Fleisig, G. S., Waterbor, J. W., Funkhouser, E. M., Pulley, L., Andrews, J. R., Osinski, E. D., and Roseman, J. M. (2001). Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 33(11): 1803-1810.
McGinnis, P. M. (1999). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Moenig, U. (2015). Rule and equipment modification issues in World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) competition. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 15(4), 3-12.
Nicholls, R., Fleisig, G., Elliott, B., Lyman, S., & Osinski, E. (2003). Baseball: accuracy of qualitative analysis for assessment of skilled baseball pitching technique. Sports Biomechanics, 2(2), 213-226.
Ouergui, I., Haddad, M., Hammami, N. & Chamari, K. (2015). Time motion and technical and tactical analysis of taekwondo competition. Performance Optimization in Taekwondo: From Laboratory to Field, 38.
Pulkkinen, W. J. (2001). The sport science of elite judo athletes: A review & application for training. Guelph, Ontario: Pulkinetics Inc.
Pieter, W. (2009). Taekwondo. In Combat sports medicine, 263-286. Springer, London.
World Taekwondo Federation (2005). COMPETITION RULES & INTERPRETATION. Seoul, Korea: Author.
World Taekwondo (2018). COMPETITION RULES & INTERPRETATION. Seoul, Korea: Author.
World Taekwondo (2019). COMPETITION RULES & INTERPRETATION. Seoul, Korea: Author.