簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃鈺琳
Huang, Yu-Lin
論文名稱: 雙北地區技術型高中特教班學生校外實習壓力、社會支持、因應行為與壓力反應之關係研究
A Study on the Relationship among Internship Stress, Social Support, Coping Behavior and Stress Reaction for Special Education Class Students in Technological Senior High Schools in Taipei and New Taipei Cities
指導教授: 李懿芳
Lee, Yi-Fang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工業教育學系
Department of Industrial Education
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 140
中文關鍵詞: 實習壓力壓力反應社會支持因應行為
英文關鍵詞: internship stress, stress reaction, social support, coping behavior
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201987
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:142下載:11
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究主要在探討技術型高中特教班學生的校外實習壓力程度及壓力反應情形,分析二者之間的關係,並探究社會支持與因應行為兩個因素在此關係中所扮演的調節效果。本研究以台北市及新北市地區技術型高中特教班三年級學生為研究對象,樣本數為211位,透過量化問卷調查方式收集學生校外實習壓力、壓力反應、社會支持與因應行為等變項的數據。研究發現指出,學生的實習壓力感受、社會支持偏高,因應行為偏積極,壓力反應中以心理反應最大。此外,實習壓力對壓力反應有顯著影響,且社會支持與因應行為能有效調節實習壓力對壓力反應的影響,亦即獲得社會支持越高的學生,實習壓力對於壓力反應的強度影響越低;因應行為越積極正向的學生,實習壓力對於壓力反應的強度影響亦越低。根據研究結果,建議學校、家庭及職場宜注意特教班學生在實習期間所面臨的壓力及反應情形,教導學生面對壓力時的適當因應行為,並適時提供支持與協助,以減輕特教生面臨實習的焦慮與不安,獲得正向的實習經驗。

    This study mainly investigated the relationship between students’ internship stress and stress reaction, and further explored the moderation effects of the two factors, social support and coping behavior, within this relationship. A total of 211 third-grade special education class students in technological senior high schools in Taipei and New Taipei cities , were selected as the participants.
    The study found that the level of the internship stress, social support, coping behavior and psychological response of the stress reaction were remarkable. In addition, the internship stress possessed a significant impact on the stress reaction; social support and coping behavior significantly impacted on the stress reaction, which can effectively moderate the effects of two factors internship stress and stress reaction.and effectively adjust the impact of internship stress on stress reaction.
    Based on the findings, it is suggested that students’ tress level and reaction should be paid attention in schools, families, and workplaces during the internship. Also, teaching students to coping appropriately to stress, and providing enough support and assistance in order to alleviate anxiety and further get positive internship experiences are recommended.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 目次 iii 表次 v 圖次 vii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與待答問題 5 第三節 名詞釋義 6 第四節 研究範圍與限制 8 第二章 文獻探討 11 第一節 技術型高中特教班校外實習 11 第二節 壓力及壓力反應 22 第三節 社會支持 42 第四節 因應行為 49 第五節 壓力、壓力反應、社會支持及因應行為間的關聯 59 第三章 研究設計與實施 63 第一節 研究架構與假設 63 第二節 研究對象 65 第三節 研究工具 66 第四節 實施程序 83 第五節 資料處理與分析方法 84 第四章 研究結果與討論 87 第一節 技術型高中特教班學生校外實習壓力、壓力反應、社會支持與因應行為之現況分析 87 第二節 技術型高中特教班學生實習壓力對壓力反應的影響 91 第三節 社會支持在實習壓力與壓力反應間的調節效果 94 第四節 因應行為在實習壓力與壓力反應間的調節效果 95 第五節 社會支持與因應行為在實習壓力與壓力反應間的調節效果 99 第六節 綜合評論 100 第五章 結論與建議 107 第一節 結論 107 第二節 建議 109 參考文獻 115 壹、中文部分 115 貳、英文文獻 123 附錄 135 附錄一 問卷 135

    一、中文部分
    王孟軒、張家銘、黃秀卿、楊孟華(2015)。軍訓教官組織支持與心理資本對工作滿意度之影響。運動休閒管理學報,12(2),1-14。
    王國羽(2004)。世界衛生組織身心障礙人口定義概念之演進:兼論我國身心障礙人口定義系統之問題與未來修正方向。社會政策與社會工作學刊,8(2),194-233。
    王雲東、陳秋蓉(2008)。身心障礙者職場壓力、社會支持與健康生活品質之關連性研究。社區發展季刊,121,343-362。
    王瑞霞、林惠娟、郭明娟、石芬芬(1989)。某醫學中心臨床護理人員工作滿足感,A/B人格類型與壓力症狀關係之探討。護理雜誌,36(4),47-57。
    王瑤芬(2002)。國際觀光旅館餐飲部門高階主管人員職涯發展及其影響因素之研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    申正付(2006)。綜合心理干預對貧困醫學生心理健康狀況的影響。中國學校衛生,27(5),408-409。
    石芬芬、周照芳(2002)。藥癮戒治病房護理人員的工作壓力與因應行為之探討。中山醫學雜誌,13(2),197-208。
    吳敏鳳(1996)。臨床護理人員工作壓力與壓力因應之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
    何華國(1998)。啟智教育研究。臺北市:五南。
    何漢龍(1993)。員工職務相關之個人因素與工作壓力及工作滿足之關聯性研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。
    余民寧、陳景花(1996)。時間管理對學業成就的影響。政大學報,72,63-82。
    呂岳霖(2004)。國立臺中師範學院學生生活壓力與因應策略之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    李水源、陳琦蓉(2003)。普通班教師面對身心障礙學生之工作壓力與因應策略之研究。台北市立師範學院學報,34,1-20。
    李忠浩(2003)。高級職業學校特殊教育班職場實習實施現況之調查研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    李敏英(2003)。高職學生行為困擾問題與因應策略之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑定辦法(民91年5月9日)。
    身心障礙者權益保障法(民69年6月2日)。
    汪美伶、陳玉蓮(2014)。工作壓力對身心健康之影響─社會支持之調節作用。東吳經濟商學學報,86,61-92。
    林宏旻(2005)。高職特教班職場實習及職業輔導現況與問題之調查研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    林幸台(2002)。高職特教班智能障礙學生轉銜模式之研究組織與運作模式之探討。特殊教育研究學刊,22,210-232。
    林美和(1994)。智能不足研究:學習問題與行為輔導。臺北市:師大書苑。
    林桂碧(2004)。如何提升我國就業服務人員之專業素質。就業安全,3(2),70-75。
    林梅鳳、李引玉(1995)。護生在精神科實習歷程中的知覺變化。護理雜誌,42(1),38-46。
    林淑惠(2008)。研究生之生活壓力與因應策略現況分析。臺中教育大學學報,22(2)。61-84。
    林惠芬(2004)。高職輕度智能障礙學生學校生活適應之研究。國立彰化師範大學特殊教育學系特殊教育學報,19,57-85。
    林鳳貞(2004)。兒童壓力反應與解除壓力方式之探討。馬偕醫護管理專科學校學報,4,25-40。
    邱永祥(2001)。影響高職特教班畢業生工作適應相關因素之研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    邱皓政(2006)。量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析範例解析。臺北市:五南。
    邱瓊慧 (1988)。社會支持與國中生的生活壓力及生活適應之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    胡瑞桃(2000)。加護單位護理人員對其工作壓力來源之反應及調適。長庚護理,11(2),20-30。
    施嫈瑜、李明濱、李世代、郭聖達(2004)。壓力與健康:生理病理反應。北市醫學雜誌,1(1),17-24。
    洪鈺娟(2015)。加護病房護理人員工作壓力、壓力反應與因應策略關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    紀曉麗、陳逢文(2009)。工作壓力對高校教師工作績效的作用機制研究。統計與決策,16,81-83。
    特殊教育法(民73年12月17日)。
    紐文英(2003)。啟智教育課程與教學設計。臺北市:心理。
    高級中等以下學校特殊教育班班級及專責單位設置與人員進用辦法(民101年9月14日)。
    張仁家(2014)。開展技職教育的天空─析論當前高職教育應走的方向。中等教育,65(2),21-31。
    張松齡、羅淑芬、王文秀、賴美滿、張秀香、賴彩霞(2003)。東部地區精神科護理人員工作壓力、因應行爲及其相關因素之探討。慈濟護理雜誌,2(3),59-69。
    張春興、林清山(1983)。教育心理學。臺北市:東華。
    張酒雄、楊百世、楊志能、莊麗娟、董力華、李新民、黃昌誠、廖仁智(1997)。高雄地區高中生升學壓力與因應行為之調查研究。高雄教育大學教育期刊,13,149-195。
    張詠涵(2012)。實習壓力、休閒因應、休閒參與及身心健康關係之研究─以大專旅館實習生為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北護理健康大學,臺北市。
    教育部(2000)。高級中等學校特殊教育班職業學程課程綱要。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2011)。高職教育階段特殊教育課程發展共同原則及課程綱要總綱及配套措施【優質特教發展網絡系統暨教學支援平台】。取自http://sencir.spc.ntnu.edu.tw/site/c_principle_list/index/process_t_key/212/mode_t_key/-1/data_t_key/-1
    教育部(2014)。第二期技職教育再造計畫。臺北市:教育部
    教育部(2016)。106學年度教育部國民及學前教育數身心障礙學生適性輔導安置高級中等學校集中式特教班簡章。臺北市:教育部
    教育部特殊教育通報網(2010)。一般學校身心障礙類安置班別學生統計【年度特教統計】。取自https://www.set.edu.tw/Stastic_WEB/sta2/default.asp
    梁家綺(2013)。大學生自我效能、壓力因應與生命凝聚感的關係(未出版之碩士論文)。中原大學,桃園市。
    莊靜宜(2000)。高科技產業與傳統產業從業人員工作壓力與工作滿足之比較研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立成功大學,臺南市。
    許天威(1995)。推動殘障者職業訓練與就業安置之途徑:殘障者職業訓練與就業輔導之理論與實務。臺北市:行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局。
    許天威、徐享良、張勝成(2009)。新特殊教育通論(第二版)。臺北市:五南。
    許天威、徐享良、張勝成(2000)。新特殊教育通論。臺北市:五南。
    許天威、蕭金土(1999)。綜合性非語文智力測驗實施手冊。臺北市:心理。
    許郁卿、馬鳳歧、林麗君、劉麗芳(2009)。急診室病患家屬壓力感受及其因應策略之探討。護理暨健康照護研究,5(3),201-210。
    許淑蓮、林惠賢、黃秀梨(2001)。護生初次實習壓力、身心社會狀態、因應行為與人格特質關係之探討。護理研究,9(3),233-246。
    郭明熊(1988)。工作壓力來源、解決個人問題的能力與工作壓力反應之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。
    郭為藩(1985)。教育的理念。臺北市:文景。
    郭峰偉(2000)。國中教師工作壓力與教師效能關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立成功大學,臺南市。
    陳佳旻(2016)。發展遲緩兒童母親親職壓力、因應策略與心理健康之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
    陳怡光、張端訓、邱瓊萱、魏中仁(2013)。工作控制、工作壓力及社會支持對員工的工作滿意度及組織承諾的影響。輔仁醫學期刊,11(3),187-196。
    陳思臻(2016)。自閉症類群疾患兒童母親親職壓力與憂鬱、絕望感和生活品質的關係:因應策略的中介和調節效果(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
    陳昱合、陳冠伝、藺寶珍(2013)。護生初次實習的壓力感受與因應行為。華醫學報,39,69-90。
    陳凱琳(2000)。影響發展遲緩幼兒家庭社會支持因素之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
    陳雅萍(2007)。高職特教班學生社會技巧與職場實習工作適應之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    陳彰儀(1996)。台商外派大陸人員之人格特質、外派前受訓程度及工作壓力、生活壓力與身心適應三者之關係。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    陸洛(1997)。工作壓力之歷程理論與研究的對話。中華心理衛生學刊,4(10),19-51。
    陸洛、陳豔青、許嘉和、李季樺、吳紅鑾、施建彬(1995)。職業壓力指標之探討—以臺灣國營企業員工為例。勞工安全衛生研究所研究季刊,2(3),47-72。
    曾芳儀(2011)。網路使用與社會支持來源對於青少年不同自傷類型的影響(未出版之碩士論文)。中山醫學大學,臺中市。
    曾慧如(1998)。個人行為特徵對工作壓力的調節作用:以企業主管為例。高雄醫學院:高雄市。
    黃文宏(2015)。工作壓力、人格特質、成人學習動機與工作滿意度關係之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立中興大學,臺中市。
    黃瑜惠(2007)。桃竹苗地區高職特教班智能障礙學生職業興趣之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    黃寶園、林世華(2007)。人格特質與社為支持對壓力反應歷程影響之研究:結合統合分析與結構方程模式二計量方法。教育心理學報,39(2),263-294。
    黃寶園(2010)。社會支持在壓力反應歷程中的中介效果。中華心理衛生學刊,3(23),401-436。
    楊朝祥(1985)。技術職業教理論與實務。臺北:三民書局。
    葉英空(1995)。生活事件、社會支持與精神疾病。中華精神醫學,9(3)。177-186。
    劉立凡、陳柏宗、姚昭智、溫如慧、黃肇新、姚慧萍(2013)。中繼屋居住環境滿意度、家庭功能、社會支持與生活品質關係之研究。住宅學報,22(2),35-58。
    劉明松、吳雅雯(2007)。智能障礙學生國小非身心障礙手足親子互動關係、手足關係、社會支持與其同儕互動關係之研究。東臺灣特殊教育學報,9,175-194。
    劉琳、岳淑英、任巧玲(2006)。青少年抑鬱應付方式與父母教養方式的相關性研究。護理研究,10,2745-2746。
    劉錫吾、陳英進(2004)。高職特教班職場實習工作社會技能表現之探討-已大甲高工綜合科為例。大仁學報,25,1-26。
    蔡欣玲、陳梅麗(1996)。護理人員壓力量表之信效度測試。護理研究,4(4),355-362。
    蔡崇煌、黃素雲、胡月娟、李孟智(2014)。建構以生物心理心靈社會面相於疾病之壓力-資源-調適模型圖:SRC BPS模型。醫學與健康期刊,3,11-24。
    蔡雅玲(2013)。嘉義縣國小教師休閒運動參與對工作壓力與工作績效之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣體育運動大學,臺中市。
    蔡照文、李維綸、蔡享翰、郭恆閔(2000)。四技護生產科護理實習壓力與身心健康相關性之探討。美和技術學院學報,29(1),63-75。
    蔡碧藍(2011)。護專學生實習其間之壓力、及認知行為團體輔導方案對其壓力反應效果之研究(未出版博士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    鄭友超 、林宏旻、許士禮(2006)。高職特教班學生家長對職場實習意見之調查研究。特殊教育叢書,9501,75-99。
    黎萬錩、張少熙(2009)。企業員工休閒運動參與對工作壓力與職業倦怠之研究。休閒暨觀光產業研究,4(2),71-83。
    盧瑛琪、顏文娟、李選(2013)。早產兒父母的不確定感與因應行為之探討。護理暨健康照護研究,9(1),23-32。
    賴惠辛(1996)。做情緒的主人。臺北市:雅音。
    謝郁薇、廖靜珠、田育鮮、許譯瑛、李智貴(2010)。大埔里地區癌症患者希望指標、症狀困擾與社會支持相關性之研究。埔基醫療雜誌,2(1),40-45。
    謝琇玲(1990)。國民中學學校組織氣氛、教師工作壓力及其因應方式之調查研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    藍采風(2000)。壓力與適應。台北市:幼獅文化。
    羅姍姍(2011)。早期療育專業治療師之壓力源與倦怠之關係-以社會支持為調節變項(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北護理健康大學,臺北市。
    蘇麗智、郭憲文(1993)。某醫專護生實習壓力之評估-初期階段實習。護理研究,1(2),166-175。
    黨謙光(2009)。雇主僱用智能障礙員工經驗之探討(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺東大學,臺東縣。

    二、英文文獻
    Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Educational psychology, 14(3), 323-330.
    Austin, V., Shah, S., & Muncer, S. (2005). Teacher stress and coping strategies used to reduce stress. Occupational therapy international, 12(2), 63-80.
    Aytaç, I. A., & Rankin, B. H. (2009). Economic crisis and marital problems in Turkey: Testing the family stress model. Journal of Marriage & Family, 71(3), 756-767.
    Barrera, M., Sandler, I. N., & Ramsay, T. B. (1981). Preliminary development of a scale of social support: Studies on college students. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(4), 435-447.
    Baumgart, D. & Askving, B. (1992). Job-related social skills intervention: Suggestion from managers and employees. Education and Training In Mental Retardation, 27(4), 345-353.
    Beirne-Smith, M.; Patton, J.; Ittenbach, R. (1994). Mental retardation. New York: Macmillan College.
    Billings, A.G., & Moos, R.H. (1984). Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46 (4), 877-891.
    Blainey, C. O. (1980). Anxiety in the undergraduate medical-surgical clinical students. Journal of Nursing Education, 19(8), 33-36.
    Brannon, L., & Feist, J. (2000). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (4th ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning.
    Bretz, R. D., & Judge, T. A. (1994). Person-organization fit and the theory of work adjustment: Implications for satisfaction, tenure, and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, 32-54.
    Brown, G. W. (1974). Meaning, measurement and stress of life events. In B. S. Dohrenwend (Ed.), Stressful life events: Their nature and effects. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
    Cannon, W. B. (1932). The wisdom of the body. New York: Norton.
    Caplan G. (1974). Support System and Community Mental Health: lectures on concept development. New York: Behavioral.
    Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., & French, J. R. (1975). Job demands and worker health; main effects and occupational differences. Retrieved from University of Michigan, Survey Research Center Institute for Social Research website: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071888437;view=2up;seq=4
    Carlson, D. S. & P. L. Perrewe (1999). The Role of Social Support in the Stressor-Strain Relationship: An Examination of Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Management, 25(4), 513-540.
    Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol too long: Consider the brief cope. International journal of behavioral medicine, 4(1), 92-100.
    Charlotte, P. (2005). Job Satisfaction of Hospital Nursing staff. Journal of human resource management, 3(2), 19-25.
    Chasey, W. C., & Wyrick, W. (1971). Effects of a physical developmental program on psychomotor ability of retarded children. American journal of mental deficiency, 75(5), 566-570.
    Cheng, S. T. & Chan, A. C. M. (2004). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: Dimensionality and age and gender differences in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1359-1369.
    Cobb, S. (1976). Social Support as A Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 301-314.
    Cohen, F., & Lazarus, R.S. (1979). Coping with the stress of illness, in Stone, C.G., Cohen, F., Adler, N.E., editors. Health psychology: A handbook. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
    Cohen, S., & Wills, T. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
    Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 35, 128-152.
    Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G., & Gottlieb, B. H. (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P. J., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
    Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J. & Williams, S. (1988). Occupational stress indicator management guide, Windsor. England: NFER-Nelson.
    Cooper, C., Katona, C., & Livingston, G. (2008). Validity and reliability of the brief COPE in carers of people with dementia: the LASER-AD Study. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 196(11), 838-843.
    Cooper, C.L., Dewe, P. J., & Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research and Applications. California: Sage Publications.
    Dean, A., & Lin, N. (1977). The stress-buffering role of social support: Problems and prospects for systematic investigation. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 165(6), 403-417.
    Dewe,P., Leiter, M., & Cox,T. (2000). Coping, Health and Organizations. New York:Taylor and Francis Inc.
    Djindjić N1, Jovanović J, Djindjić B, Jovanović M, Pesić M, & Jovanović JJ (2013). Work stress related lipid disorders and arterial hypertension in professional drivers - across-sectional study. Journal of Vojnosani Pregl, 70(6), 561-8.
    Eckenrode, J., & Gore, S. (1990). Stress between work and family. New York: Plenum Press.
    Engel, G. L. (1989). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Holistic Medicine, 4(1), 37-53.
    Fagan, J., Bernd, E., & Whiteman, V. (2007). Adolescent Fathers' Parenting Stress, Social Support, and Involvement with Infants. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17 (1), 1-22.
    Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of personality and social psychology, 48(1), 150.
    Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American psychologist, 55(6), 647.
    Forlin, C. (2001). Inclusion: Identifying potential stressors for regular class teachers. Educational Research, 43(3), 235-245.
    Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservablevariables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 382-388.
    Fox , D. J., Diamond, L. K., Walsh, R. C., Knopf, L., & Hodgin, J. (1963). Correlates of satisfaction and stress with nursing school experience. Nursing Reserch, 12(2), 83-89.
    French, J. R. P., Jr., Caplan, R. D., & Harrison, R. V. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. London: Wiley.
    Gladstein, D. L. (1984). Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 499-517.
    Gmelch, W. H. (1988). Educator’s Response to Stress: Towards A Coping Taxonomy. Journal of educational administration, 26(2), 222-231.
    Gottlieb, B. H. (1983). Social support as a focus or integrative research in psychology. American Psychologist, 38, 278-287.
    Haber, M. G., Cohen, J. L., Lucas, T., & Baltes, B. B. (2007). The relationship between self‐reported received and perceived social support: A meta‐analytic review. American journal of community psychology, 39(2), 133-144.
    Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
    Hallahan, D. P., & Kauffman, J. M. (1994). Toward a culture of disability in the aftermath of Deno and Dunn. The Journal of Special Education, 27(4), 496-508.
    Hamel, K. & Bracken, D. (1986). Factor structure of the job stress questionnaire (JSQ) in three occupational groups. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 46(3), 777-786.
    Haines, V. A., Hurlbert, J. S., & Beggs, J. J. (1996). Exploring the determinants of support provision: Provider characteristics, personal network, community contexts, and support following life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 252-264
    Harris, J., Saltstone, R., & Fraboni, M. (1999). An Evaluation of the Job Stress Questionnaire with a Sample of Entrepreneurs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(3), 447-455.
    Heller, Swindler, & Dusenbury (1986). Component social support process: Comments and integration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54 (4) , 466-470.
    Holland, J. L., & Rayman, J. R. (1986). The Self-Directed Search. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.). Advances in vocational psychology: The assessment of interests. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.
    Horvath, M. J., Hoernicke, P. A., and Kallam, M. (1993). Mental retardation in perspective. Retrieved from ERIC database.
    House, J. S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support. Mass: Addison-Wesley.
    Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T. (1980). Stress and work a managerial perspective. New York: Scott, Foresman.
    Jalowiec, A., Murphy, S. P., Powers, M. J. (1984). Psychometric Assessment of the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Nursing Research, 33(3), 157-161.
    Kahn, R.L., & Antonucci, T.C. (1931). Convoys of social support: A life course approach. New York: Acadernic.
    Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C., Schaefer, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of behavioral medicine, 4(1), 1-39.
    Kessler, R. C., Price, R. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: stress, social support and coping process. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 531-572.
    Kirk, S. A., Gallagher, J. J., & Anastasiow, N. J. (2003). Educating exceptional children. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    Kivimaki, M. J. (1997). Stress and personality factors: Specifications of the role of test anxiety, private self-consciousness, type a behavior pattern, and self-esteem in the relationship between stressors and stress reactions. Dissertations Abstracts International, 59(1), 160.
    Klein, R. G. (2009). The human career: human biological and cultural origins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Klug, B. J., & Salzman, S. A. (1991). Formal induction vs. informal mentoring: comparative effects and outcomes. Teaching and Teacher Education, 7(3), 241-251.
    Kottke, J. L. and C. E. Sharafinski (1988). Measuring Perceived Supervisory and Organizational Support. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48(4), 1075-1079.
    Kristof, A.L. (1996). Person–organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1–49.
    Kristof-Brown, A., & Guay, R. P. (2011). Person–environment fit. APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 3, 3-50.
    LaRocco, J. M., J. S House, and J. R. P. French (1980). Social Support, Occupational Stress, and Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 202-218.
    Lazarus, A. A. (1976). Multimodal behavior therapy: I. Oxford: England.
    Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
    Lepore, S. J., & Smyth, J. M. (2002). The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and emotional well-being. DC: American Psychological Association.
    Leventhal, H., Leventhal, E. A., & Van Nguyen, T. (1985). Reactions of families to illness: Theoretical models and perspectives. In D. C. Turk & R. D. Kerns (Eds.), Health, illness, and families: A life span perspective. New York: Wiley.
    Lewis, D. J., & Robinson, J. A. (1992). ICU nurse, coping measures: Response to work related stressors. Critical Care Nurse, 12(2), 18-22.
    Lim, H. S. (2002). The impact of parenting stress and social support on psychological wellbeing of Korean mothers of children with mental retardation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63, 26-94.
    Lincoln, J. R., & J. Miller (1979). Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 181-199.
    Lu, Y. C., Yen, W. J., & Lee, S. (2013). Exploring the Uncertainty and Coping Strategies of Parents of Preterm Infants. Journal of Nursing & Healthcare Research, 9(1), 23-32.
    McGrath, J. E. (1976). Stress and behavior in organizations. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally Co.
    McKay, M. D., Beckman, R. J., & Conover, W. J. (2000). A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code. Technometrics, 42(1), 55-61.
    Mercer, C. D., & Snell, M. E. (1977). Learning Theory Research in Mental Retardation Implications for Teaching. Columbus: Merrill.
    Meyer, B. (2001). Coping with severe mental illness: Relations of the Brief COPE with symptoms, functioning, and well-being. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 265-277.
    Michie, S. (2002). Causes and Management of Stress at Work. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(1), 67-72.
    Murgatryd, S. & Woolfe, R. (1982). Coping with crisis. London: Harper & Row.
    Newman, J. E. and T. A. Beehr (1979). Personal and Organizational Strategies for Handling Job Stress:A Review of Research and Opinion. Personnel Psychology, 32(1), 1-43.
    Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Pearlin, L. I. (1984). Social structure and social supports. In Lin Nan, Alfred Dean, & Walter M. Ensel, (1986) Social support, life events, and depression. New York: Academic & Press, Inc.
    Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of health and social behavior, 19(1), 2-21.
    Ptacek, J. T., Smith, R. E., & Zanas, J. (1992). Gender, appraisal, and coping: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality, 60, 747-770.
    Rafnsson, F. J., Jonsson, F. H., & Windle, M. (2006). Coping strategies, stressful life events, problem behaviors, and depresses affect. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 19(3), 241-257.
    Reber, S. (1995). Dictionary of psychology. New York: Penguin.
    Repetti, R. L. (1993). The effects of workload and social environment at work on health. InL. Goldberger & S. Bresnitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress. New York: Free Press.
    Repetti, R. L., Matthews, K. A., & Waldron, I. (1989). Employment and women’s health. American Psychologist, 44, 1394-1401.
    Pervin,L. (1983). Characterristics of staff burnout in mental health setting . Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 28, 233-237.
    Rodney,V. (2000). Nurse stress associated with aggression in people with dementia: Its relationship to hardiness, cognitive appraisal and coping. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(1), 172-180.
    Sarafino, E. P. (2002). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions. New York: Wiley.
    Sarason, I. G., Levine, Basham, & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44 (1), 127-139.
    Scarpa, A., Haden, S. C., & Hurley, J. (2006). Community Violence Victimization and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Moderating Effects of Coping and Social Support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21 (4), 446-469.
    Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Bradley, V. J., Buntinx, W. H., Coulter, D. L., Craig, E. M., ... & Shogren, K. A. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. Washington, DC. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
    Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40, 437-453.
    Seiffge-Krenke, I., & Klessinger, N. (2000). Long-term effects of avoidant coping on adolescents depressive symptoms. Journal of youth and adolescence, 29(6), 617-630.
    Selye, H. (1956). The stresses of life. New York, M.C. Graw Hill.
    Shiner R, Caspi A (2003). Personality differences in childhood and adolescence: measurement, development, and consequences. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 44, 2-32.
    Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of social issues, 40(4), 11-36.
    Sias, P. M. and D. J. Cahill. (1998). From Coworker to Friends: The Development of Peer Friendships in the Workplace. Western Journal of Communication, 62(3), 273-299.
    Smith, R. K. (1993). Work, stress, social support and health in university nurse educators.Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
    Stecker, T. (2004). Well-being in an academic environment. Medical Education, 38, 465-478.
    Sutherland, V. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1990). Understanding stress: A psychological perspective for health professionals. London: Chapman & Hall.
    Taylor, S. E. (1999). Health psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
    Turner, R. J. (1983). Direct, indirect, and moderating effects of social support on psychological distress and associated conditions. In H. B. Kaplan (Eds.), Psychological stress: Trends in theory and research. New York: Academic.
    Turnley,W. H. and D. C. Feldman (1999). A DiscrepancyModel of Psychological Contract Violations. Human Resource Management Review, 9(3), 367-386.
    Van Vianen, A. E. m. (2000). Person–Organization Fit: The Match Between Newcomers and Recruiters Preferences for Organizational Cultures. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 113–149.
    Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 64, 737–774.
    Wayne, S. J., L. M. Shore, and R. C. Liden (1997). Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.
    Weiss, H. M. 1978. Social learning of work values in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 711-718.
    Weiten, W., Lloyd, M. A., & Lashley, R. L. (1991). Psychology applied to modern life: Adjustment in the 90s. Thomson Brooks: Cole Publishing Co.
    Weldon, E., & L. R.Weingart (1993). Group goals and group performance. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 307-334.
    Williams, M., & Gersch, I. (2004). Teaching in mainstream and special schools: Are the stresses similar or different British. Journal of Special Education, 31(3), 157-162.
    Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (2001). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among middle adolescents: Prospective associations and intrapersonal and interpersonal influences. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 215-226.
    Zenger, T. R., & B. S Lawerence. (1989). Organizational demography: The differential effects of age and tenure distribution on technical communication. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 353-376.
    Zetlin, A. G., & Murtaugh, M. (1988). Friendship patterns of mildly learning handicapped and nonhandicapped high school students. American journal of mental retardation: AJMR, 92(5), 447-454.
    Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of personality assessment, 52(1), 30-41.
    Zupiria, G. X., Huitzi, E. X., Jose, A. E. M., Jose, U. I. M., Eizmendi, G. I., Barandiaran, L. M., & Sanz, C. X. (2007). Stress sources in nursing practice. Evolution during nursing training. Nurse Education Today, 27(7), 777-787.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE