摘 要

民眾參與自然資源經營管理已蔚為國際潮流，台灣林務局亦於2002年開始推動社區林業計畫，主要目的在於鼓勵民眾參與森林經營，以凝聚地方共識，並與社區民眾及組織形成伙伴關係，協力推動生物多樣性保育、永續森林生態旅遊及相關林業建設，以改善社區整體環境，提昇生活品質，創造林業經營與社區發展雙贏，進而達成森林生態系永續經營。羅東林區管理處自2002年起至2003年止，推動社區林業以來已有26個社區團體參與，通過申請案件共計39件。本研究即針對上述已申請社區(26個)及附近未申請社區(10個)進行探討，透過質性研究文獻分析、深度訪談及實地觀察，瞭解民眾參與環境保育之動機、歷程、成效與困難；分析國有林附近社區沒有參與社區林業計畫的原因；並依據申請時間先後及申請次數將已申請社區進行分類，並探討其特色。此外，本研究亦透過問卷調查方式，瞭解當地居民對社區林業的看法、參與情況、未來期望及林業經營的認知與態度。最後，經由因素分析可將環境態度問項歸納為四大因素，分別為保育重於經濟、利己概念、保育意願及利他概念等。

Abstract

It is the international trend that residents participate in the natural resource management. Taiwan Forest Bureau implemented a new project “Community Forestry” since 2002. The purpose of this new project is to encourage public participation in forestry management in order to integrate consensus, build partnership with residents and organizations, cooperate to fulfill biodiversity conservation, and sustain management of forest ecosystem. There were 26 communities involved in this project in the Luotung Forest District from 2002 to 2003. We compared these 26 communities with another 10 communities which didn’t participate in this project. Through qualitative methods, including literature review, field investigation, and face-to-face interview, we tried to understand the motivation, processes, benefits, and challenges of public participation in environmental conservation. We also analyzed the reasons why some communities close to national forest didn’t attend this project. We classified these communities and their characteristics based on when and how many times they applied this new project. Besides, we take questionnaire survey to understand residential opinion, participation, expectation about community forestry, public cognition, and attitude for forest management. Finally, these environmental attitudes could be classified to four factors through the factor analysis, including conservation exceeding economic, egocentric concept, conservation willingness, and altruistic concept.

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