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Author: 彭賢德
Hsiente Peng
Thesis Title: 優秀鉛球選手旋轉式與背向滑步式投擲技術之運動生物力學分析
The Biomechanical Analysis of Rotational and Glide Shot put Technique
Advisor: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
Degree: 碩士
Master
Department: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
Thesis Publication Year: 2003
Academic Year: 91
Language: 中文
Number of pages: 96
Keywords (in Chinese): 旋轉式鉛球投擲技術運動生物力學3D攝影分析
Keywords (in English): rotational shot put technique, throwing, biomechanics
Thesis Type: Academic thesis/ dissertation
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  • 本研究的目的:藉由運動生物力學之3D攝影分析法,(一)分析國內採用旋轉式鉛球投擲技術與背向滑步式鉛球投擲技術之優秀鉛球選手運動學參數,比較其差異。(二)與一些採用旋轉式鉛球投擲技術與背向滑步式鉛球投擲技術的世界級選手之運動學參數互相比較。方法:使用3D攝影分析,兩台Redlake高速數位攝影機(125Hz)同步截取記錄鉛球選手的三維投擲動作資料。所得的影像資料由Kwon3D 3.0動作分析系統進行直間線性轉換(DLT)與各運動學參數的運算。結論:國內選手旋轉式投擲開始的準備動作和傳遞動作無法提高鉛球的速度,是影響投擲出手速度的最主要因素;旋轉式投擲動作較佳的選手,傾向於有較大的轉矩表現;投擲表現較佳的選手,在最後用力階段會有較大的鉛球速度改變;旋轉式投擲動作獲得較背向滑步式投擲動作多的身體角動量。建議:在旋轉式投擲技術方面-開始準備階段就要加速鉛球;扭轉他們的軀幹以預先伸展肌肉群;在傳遞期和最後用力期增加鉛球的速度改變。在背向滑步式投擲技術方面-儘量提高在右腳第一次離地的鉛球速度;增加滑步後進入傳遞階段的流暢性,以利於加速鉛球。

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze performances of two male shot-putters who use the rotational and glide technique, to compare the two techniques and to compare them with world-level shot-putters. Three-dimensional analysis method was used. Method: Two Redlake high-speed digital cameras (125Hz) were genlocked to record the three-dimensional shot put motions. The images were digitized by KWON 3D motion analysis system. Conclusions: The main factor affecting the subjects’ releasing velocities is that their rotational throwing movements of preparation and delivery cannot increase the shot velocities. Better shot-putter who used rotational technique prone to have larger toque. A shot-putter who had better performance had larger velocity-change at thrusting. Rotational technique got more angular momentum of body than glide technique. Suggestions: In rotational technique aspect: Accelerating the shot from the preparative duration. Increasing the velocity-change in the duration of delivery and thrusting. In glide technique aspect: Increasing the velocity of the shot at left foot first breaking the contact of the ground. Enhancing the fluency during delivery to accelerate the shot.

    優秀鉛球選手旋轉式與背向滑步式 投擲技術之運動生物力學分析 目 次 中文摘要…………………………………………………………….…Ⅰ 英文摘要…………………………………………………………….…Ⅱ 謝誌………………………………………………………………….….Ⅲ 目次………………………………………………………………….….Ⅳ 表次………………………………………………………………….….Ⅶ 圖次………………………………………………………………….….Ⅸ 第壹章、緒論……………………………………………………….…1 第一節、前言…………………………………………………………1 第二節、鉛球投擲運動的技術發展…………………………………2 第三節、問題背景……………………………………………………8 第四節、研究目的……………………………………………………9 第五節、研究範圍…………………………………………………..10 第六節、研究限制………………………………………………..…10 第七節、名詞操作性定義…………………………………………..11 第貳章、文獻探討…………………………………………………..16 第一節、影響鉛球推擲距離的因素………………………………..16 第二節、影響鉛球出手初速度的關鍵因素………………………..21 第三節、關於鉛球投擲的最佳出手角度…………………………..23 第四節、出手角度對於出手速度影響……………………………..25 第五節、出手角度、出手高度與出手速度的相互影響…………..26 第六節、關於旋轉式鉛球投擲技術之探討………………………..26 第七節、鉛球投擲技術動作最後用力的角動量探討……………..35 第八節、鉛球投擲技術動作步幅長度分配與時間節奏…………..36 第參章、研究方法與步驟………………………………………….39 第一節、研究對象…………………………………………………..39 第二節、實驗時間地點……………………………………………..39 第三節、實驗儀器設備……………………………………………..40 第四節、實驗場地佈置……………………………………………..41 第五節、實驗步驟…………………………………………………..41 第六節、實驗資料收集方法………………………………………..42 第七節、實驗資料處理方法………………………………………..42 第肆章、結果與討論………………………………………………..53 第一節、旋轉式鉛球投擲之參數分析比較………………………..53 第二節、背向滑步式鉛球投擲之參數分析比較…………………..65 第三節、旋轉式與背向滑步式鉛球投擲參數之比較……………..72 第伍章、結論與建議………………………………………………..80 第一節、結論………………………………………………………..80 第二節、建議………………………………………………………..81 參考文獻……………………………………………………………….84 一、中文部分………………………………………………………..84 二、英文部分………………………………………………………..85 附錄一:受試者同意書……………………………………………..89 附錄二:各參數值(含標準差)……………………………….. 91 表 次 表3-1:受試者基本資料……………………………………………….39 表3-2:人體肢段參數表……………………………………………….44 表4-1:旋轉式出手瞬間的鉛球參數與步幅參數…………………….53 表4-2:旋轉式在各動作要點上的鉛球與身體重心速度…………….54 表4-3:旋轉式在各動作要點上的肩-髖角度……………………….56 表4-4:旋轉式在各動作要點上的身體角動量與轉矩參數………….57 表4-5:旋轉式在各動作要點上的關節角度參數與鉛球高度……….60 表4-6:旋轉式在各分期中的鉛球運行長度與時間………………….60 表4-7:旋轉式在各分期中的鉛球與身體重心速度改變……….……63 表4-8:旋轉式在各分期中的肢段角動量改變………………….……64 表4-9:背向滑步式出手瞬間的鉛球參數與步幅參數…………..…..65 表4-10:背向滑步式在各動作要點上的鉛球與身體重心速度.…….66 表4-11:背向滑步式在各動作要點上的肩-髖角度…………..……68 表4-12:背向滑步式在各動作要點上的身體參數與鉛球高度.…….69 表4-13:背向滑步式在各分期中的鉛球與身體參數、時間….…….70 表4-14:背向滑步式在各分期中的肢段角動量…………..…………71 表4-15:旋轉式、背向滑步式出手瞬間的鉛球參數與步幅參數比較.. …………………………………………………………………………...72 表4-16:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各動作要點上的鉛球與身體重心速度 比較…………..………………………………………………………….72 表4-17:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各動作要點上的肩-髋軸角度差比較 …………………………………………………………………………...74 表4-18:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各動作要點上的身體角動量比較…. …………………………………………………………………………...75 表4-19:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各動作要點上的鉛球與身體重心高度 比較……………………………………………………………………...77 表4-20:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各分期中的鉛球運行長度及時間比較   ………………………………………………………………….………..78 表4-21:旋轉式、背向滑步式在各分期中的鉛球身體重心速度改變比 較……………………………………………………………….………..79 圖 次 圖1-1:側向跳步式鉛球投擲技術……………………………………..3 圖1-2:側向滑步式鉛球投擲技術……………………………………..4 圖1-3:背向滑步式鉛球投擲技術……………………………………..5 圖1-4:旋轉式鉛球投擲技術…………………………………………..7 圖1-5:投擲距離doffcial、出手速度V、出手角度θ、出手高度hrealease 示意圖……………………………………………………………………14 圖1-6:旋轉式鉛球投擲技術動作要點、分期示意圖……………….15 圖1-7:關節角度示意圖……………………………………………….15 圖2-1:鉛球投擲技術運動生物力學模式(許樹淵,1997)….…...18 圖2-2:鉛球投擲技術分析模型(Yan,B. & Li,M.,2000)…………18 圖2-3:旋轉式鉛球投擲身體位置圖與鉛球、臀部路徑(Oleg Solotuchin,18.88 m,1983)(Bartonietz,1994)………………………………30 圖2-4:鉛球、肘、肩、臗之速度-時間與肩軸、臗軸之間角度差異- 時間(Astrid Kumbernuss,18.20 m,1992)(Bartonietz,1994)……………………………………………………………………31 圖2-5:鉛球速度-時間(Laut,21.56 m)(Bartonietz,1994)……………………………………………………………………32 圖2-6:背向滑步式鉛球投擲動作步幅長度分配“短-長”…..…...36 圖2-7:旋轉式鉛球投擲動作步幅長度分配“長-短” ……………37 圖2-8:背向滑步式鉛球投擲動作分期(Tsirakos et al,1995)……………………………………………………………………37 圖3-1:實驗場地佈置………………………………………………….41 圖3-2:三度空間絶對直角座標與場地座標的相對關係…………….43 圖3-3:人體標誌點、肢段模型……………………………………….45 圖3-4:肢段之角動量計算示意圖…………………………………….51 圖4-1:S1、S2旋轉式鉛球速度-時間比較………………………..56 圖4-2:S1、S2旋轉式肩、臗軸角度差-時間比較………………..57 圖4-3:S1、S2旋轉式之身體角動量-時間比較…………………..59 圖4-4:S1、S2旋轉式投擲鉛球路徑………………………………..62 圖4-5:R. BARNES投擲鉛球路徑(Bartonietz,1994)…………62 圖4-6:S1、S2背向式鉛球速度-時間比較………………………..67 圖4-7:S1、S2背向式肩、臗軸角度差-時間比較………………..68 圖4-8:S2旋轉式與背向式鉛球、身體重心速度-時間比較……...74 圖4-9:S2旋轉式與背向式肩、臗軸角度差-時間比較…………...75 圖4-10:S2旋轉式與背向式之身體角動量-時間比較…………….76 圖4-11:S2旋轉式與背向式鉛球與身體重心路徑………………….77

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