Author: |
陳心怡 Tan Sing Yee |
---|---|
Thesis Title: |
同源殊途-馬來西亞與新加坡中學歷史教科書的國族認同形塑之比較分析 A Comparative Analysis of the Shaping of National Identity in Malaysia and Singapore History Textbooks |
Advisor: |
卯靜儒
Mao, Chin-Ju |
Degree: |
碩士 Master |
Department: |
課程與教學研究所 Graduate Institute of Curriculum and Instruction |
Thesis Publication Year: | 2019 |
Academic Year: | 108 |
Language: | 中文 |
Number of pages: | 128 |
Keywords (in Chinese): | 歷史教科書 、國族認同 、新加坡 、馬來西亞 、教科書分析 |
Keywords (in English): | history textbook, national identity, Singapore, Malaysia, textbook analysis |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201901152 |
Thesis Type: | Academic thesis/ dissertation |
Reference times: | Clicks: 264 Downloads: 16 |
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在眾多學科中,歷史教科書可說是與國族認同息息相關,其編寫不僅僅是一個技術性的作業,而是與政治及權力有關。在許多國家分裂或是政權轉移的國家例子當中,國家之間就算是經歷同一段歷史,歷史教科書所呈現的敘述內容卻會顯示出不同國家想建構出不同的「歷史敘述」,形成不同的國族認同。馬來西亞和新加坡這兩個國家與1965年完全分開,在建國經歷中經歷過分分合合的過程,這也意味著兩國雖然如今雖已經分道揚鑣,但過去有共同經歷的歷史,而且是有很深的淵源。本研究以比較的方式對兩國教科書的國族認同進行分析,以九個面向逐步檢視,發現兩個國家雖然曾經有共同的歷史,但是歷史敘述卻形塑出不一樣的國族認同。得到的結論是
1) 從多元文化的角度而言,馬來西亞國族認同是巨石式的多元文化模式,而新加坡則是沙拉碗式的多元文化模式。
2) 時間性而言,馬來西亞國族認同強調過去王國的輝煌文明,而新加坡國族認同看重獨立前後的建設發展,
3) 從歷史敘述的角度而言,馬來西亞國族認同傾向於在地馬來人角度,而新加坡國族認同則是傾向於外來移民角度
總結而言,馬來西亞教科書所形塑的國族認同由「馬來」、「君王」以及「伊斯蘭教」三者交匯而成,而新加坡教科書所形塑的國族認同以悲情方式建構出其小國的起始點,運用國家發展建設建構出其國族認同。
One of the common subjects at school that is closely linked to national identity is the history subject. Countries that experience split and separation before could carry a different national narrative and probably shapes into two distinctive national identity. In this study, the countries that are under examination is Malaysia and Singapore. Separated in 1965, they shared a common history in the past. This study analyzes Malaysia and Singapore history textbooks under a comparative lens. The finding shows that even though both countries have a long-standing common history, they chose to narrate their history differently. The findings are,
1. In terms of the multicultural model, Malaysia chose to shape its national identity as a gigantic rock model, which uses a single culture, with Malay-ness and Islamic elements to portray its national identity. Singapore chose to shape its national identity as a salad bowl model, integrating different culture into its national identity.
2. Malaysia chose to focus on the glorious Malay kingdom while Singapore chose to focus on the development after the independence of the country
3. From the perspective of writing, Malaysia textbook is written from the perspective of the local Malay, while the Singapore textbook is written from the perspective of the immigrant.
In short, comparing two sets of history textbooks, Malaysia choose to use Malay-ness and Kingship element, together with Islamic values to shape into its national identity. On the other hand, Singapore chose to focus on its survival state, narrating the state which experience a difficult state at first while progress and developed in the first ten years, portraying the national identity as a small yet developed nation.
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二、中文文獻
王麗婷 (2007)。新加坡與馬來西亞之合併與分裂。(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學中山人文社會科學研究所,台北市。
王麗蘭(2010)。馬來西亞中學歷史教育中的國族建構。(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學民族研究所,台北市。
卯靜儒 、 張建成 (2005)。 在地化與全球化之間: 解嚴後臺灣課程改革論述的擺盪。台灣教育社會學研究,5(1), 39-76。
江宜樺 (1997)。自由民主體制下的國家認同。台灣社會研究季刊, 25, 83-121。
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李紀舍(1995). 何謂國家?. 中外文學, 24(6),4-18。
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余剛式(2005)。台灣與大陸小學社會科教科書國家認同教育模式之分析比較。(未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東師範學院教育行政研究所,屏東市。
胡春艳(2009). 民族社会学视角: 制度规约下的马来西亚族群关系。 世界民族,2009(5),19-25。
施正鋒(2015)。 台灣民族主義的發展, 現況, 以及挑戰。台灣國際研究季刊,11(4),1-32。
郭承天(2014)。 國族神學的民主化: 臺灣與中國大陸。台北市: 國立政治大學出版社。
郭洪纪(1997)。 文化民族主义。台北市:扬智文化事业股份有限公司 。
莊迪澎(2017)。互聯網媒體治理術:馬來西亞與新加坡的比較研究。(未出版之博士論文)。世新大學東南亞研究所,台北市。
許明純(2008)。政治社會化概念的形成:以新加坡中學歷史教科書為例。(未出版之碩士論文)。國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所,南投縣。
張期玲 (2004)。國家認同的塑造: 以國中的歷史教科書為焦點。(未出版之碩士論文)。淡江大學公共行政學系,新北市。
陳麗華、吳雯婷(2011)。形塑香港特區的國家認同--中小學社會教科書之論述分析。教科書研究,4(2),25-59。
葉玉賢(1999)。 語言政策與教育--馬來西亞與新加坡之比較研究。(未出版之碩士論文)。國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所,南投縣。
葉玉賢(2008)。馬來西亞華文獨立中學初中「歷史科」教科書之分析(1973-2007):一個馬來西亞華人「中國性」轉變之觀點。課程與教學季刊,13(4),159-187 。
蔡源林(2004)。從伊斯蘭法的公共論述看馬來西亞社群主義的建構。 亞太研究論壇。23(3) ,15-37。
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三、馬來文文獻
Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (1992). Buku Penerangan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (統整中學課程手冊)
Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (1997). Buku Penerangan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (統整小學課程手冊)