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Author: 黃國賓
Thesis Title: 結合二硫化鐵奈米晶體與聚(3-己基塞吩)、[6,6]苯基富勒烯丁酸甲酯之無機/有機及與氧化鋅奈米晶體之全無機混掺光電元件應用
Advisor: 陳家俊
Degree: 碩士
Master
Department: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
Thesis Publication Year: 2008
Academic Year: 96
Keywords (in Chinese): 太陽能電池二硫化鐵光電元件
Thesis Type: Academic thesis/ dissertation
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  • 摘要
    二硫化鐵(FeS2),能隙0.95eV之半導體,具有高吸光性,製備容易且地球含量豐富,其塊材(黃鐵礦)早期亦作為太陽能電池之材料。,在本論文中以溶液法製備花形FeS2奈米粒子,以及FeS2混掺過渡元素銅、鎳及鈷之奈米粒子,並利用其製作各種光電元件:(1) FeS2奈米粒子與氧化鋅(ZnO)奈米柱混掺之全無機太陽能電池,其中ZnO亦為熱門之光電元件材料,且有機高分子與無機材料相比,其使用壽命是個不小挑戰,因此全無機太陽能電池應為往後之趨勢。FeS2及ZnO均無污染無毒,對地球並無負擔,在環保意識高漲的今日,不失為一種環境接受性良好之綠色材料; (2) FeS2、P3HT與PCBM之無機奈米粒子/有機高分子混掺太陽電池,期望加入FeS2奈米粒子後,正好能補足紅光區之吸收,達成全日光波長均能轉換為電能之目標,在AM1.5G的模擬光源下,其開路電壓提高為0.5V,短路電流提高為6.1mA;(3) FeS2與P3HT之無機奈米粒子/有機高分子混掺太陽電池,經改善FeS2在氯仿中分散度後,並全程在乾燥箱內製造元件,在AM1.5G的模擬光源下,其光電轉換效率可達0.139%。

    總目錄 總目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------I 圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------V 中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII 英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------IX 第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------------------------------1 1-1 引言--------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1-2太陽能------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1-3太陽能電池的發展---------------------------------------------------------5 1-3-1無機太陽能電池-----------------------------------------------------5 1-3-2 有機太陽能電池----------------------------------------------------7 A. 光敏化染料太陽能電池----------------------------------8 B. 層疊式有機太陽能電池---------------------------------------9 C. 有機高分子太陽能電池- -----------------------------------------10 D. 有機高分子/無機奈米材料之混摻太陽能電池------11 1-4黃鐵礦(Pyrite)的基本性質-----------------------------------------------13 1-5 氧化鋅的基本性質-------------------------------------------------------16 第二章 原理--------------------------------------------------------------------18 2-1 穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission electron Microscopy) -----------18 2-2 X-ray繞射分析儀----------------------------------------------------------19 2-3 真空蒸鍍機------------------------------------------------------------21 2-4 太陽能電池的量測與分析-----------------------------------------------23 第三章 實驗--------------------------------------------------------------------25 3-1研究動機與目的-----------------------------------------------------------25 3-2合成原理--------------------------------------------------------------------26 A.FeS2奈米粒子-----------------------------------------------------26 B.ZnO奈米柱-----------------------------------------------------26 3-3 FeS2奈米粒子合成--------------------------------------------------------28 3-3-1藥品與儀器---------------------------------------------------------28 3-3-2實驗步驟------------------------------------------------------------29 A. FeS2奈米花之合成: ------------------------------------------29 B.球型FeS2粒子之合成: ---------------------------------------30 C.FeS2粒子混掺過渡元素之合成--------------------30 3-4 ZnO 奈米柱的成長------------------------------------------------------31 3-4-1 藥品與儀器----------------------------------------------------------31 3-4-2 實驗步驟------------------------------------------------------------32 A. 定電壓法-------------------------------------------------------32 B. 鍍金脈衝法-----------------------------------------------------33 3-5 FeS2奈米粒子在無機/有機混雜太陽能電池上的應用------33 3-5-1藥品與儀器---------------------------------------------------------33 3-5-2有機/無機混掺太陽能電池----------------------------------34 A. FeS2/P3HT混掺太陽能電池------------------------------34 B. FeS2/PCBM/P3HT混掺太陽能電池----------------------35 3-6 FeS2奈米粒子混雜ZnO奈米柱之全無機太陽電池----------------35 第四章 結果與討論------------------------------------------------------------36 4-1 FeS2掺雜過渡元素原子之合成----------------------------------36 4-1-1花型FeS2的合成-------------------------------------------------36 4-1-2 FeS2摻雜銅元素之合成------------------------------------------38 4-1-3 FeS2摻雜鎳元素之合成---------------------------------------40 4-1-4 FeS2摻雜鈷元素之合成---------------------------------------42 4-2 電沉積法成長之氧化鋅奈米柱-------------------------------46 4-2-1定電壓法--------------------------------------------46 4-2-2鍍金脈衝法------------------------------------------48 4-3 FeS2之熱重分析(TGA)量測-----------------------------------49 4-4 花形FeS2奈米粒子與ZnO奈米柱混掺全無機太陽能電池之元 件量測--------------------------------------------------------------------52 4-5 圓形FeS2、P3HT與PCBM之無機奈米粒子/有機高分子混掺 太陽電池之元件量測-----------------------------------------------------56 4-6 FeS2與P3HT之無機奈米粒子/有機高分子混摻混掺太陽電池 之性質量測-------------------------------------------------------------59 第五章 結論與未來展望---------------------------------------------62 參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------63 圖目錄 圖1-1 太陽光譜圖----------------------------------------------------------------5 圖1-2 光敏化染料太陽能電池的運作原理---------------------------------9 圖1-3層疊式太陽能電池運作原理------------------------------------------10 圖1-4 黃鐵礦(Pyrite)-----------------------------------------------------------13 圖1-5 Pyrite晶格結構圖--------------------------------------------------------15 圖1-6 FeS2能帶結構圖---------------------------------------------------------15 圖1-7 ZnO的晶體結構---------------------------------------------------------17 圖2-1 穿透式電子顯微鏡JEOL-JEM-2000FX-----------------------------19 圖2-2 穿透式電子顯微鏡示意圖--------------------------------------------19 圖2-3 XRD基本原理----------------------------------------------------------20 圖2-4 真空蒸鍍機示意圖-----------------------------------------------------22 圖2-5 真空蒸鍍機--------------------------------------------------------------22 圖2-6 元件各項參數及I-V特性曲線的關係圖---------------------------24 圖4-1花型FeS2之HR-TEM圖-------------------------------------------------37 圖4-2 花型FeS2之XRD繞射圖譜------------------------------------------37 圖4-3 CuFeS2之TEM圖-------------------------------------------------------38 圖4-4 CuFeS2之XRD圖譜-----------------------------------------------------39 圖4-5 CuFeS2 之EDX圖譜----------------------------------------------------39 圖4-6 NiFeS2之TEM圖-------------------------------------------------------40 圖4-7 NiFeS2之XRD繞射圖譜----------------------------------------------41 圖4-8 NiFeS2 之EDX圖譜---------------------------------------------------41 圖4-9 CoFeS2之TEM圖(合成時間1小時)-------------------------------43 圖4-10 CoFeS2之TEM圖(合成時間24小時)---------------------------43 圖4-11 CoFeS2之XRD繞射圖譜------------------------------------------44 圖4-12 CoFeS2之EDX圖譜------------------------------------------------44 圖4-13 摻雜過渡元素FeS2之UV吸收圖---------------------------------45 圖4-14 定電壓法(-1伏特,3小時)氧化鋅之SEM圖---------------------46 圖4-15 定電壓法(-2伏特,3小時)氧化鋅之SEM圖---------------------46 圖4-16 定電壓法(-3伏特,3小時)氧化鋅之SEM圖---------------------47 圖4-17 定電壓法(-2伏特,1小時)氧化鋅之SEM圖---------------------47 圖4-18 鍍金脈衝法成長氧化鋅之SEM圖--------------------------------48 圖4-19 未鍍金TIO脈衝法成長氧化鋅之SEM圖-----------------------49 圖4-20 貴重金屬層對成長氧化鋅奈米柱之影響------------------------49 圖4-21 FeS2與ZnO之熱重分析圖----------------------------------------51 圖4-22 FeS2與ZnO在各溫度下重量散失速率圖---------------------51 圖4-23 FeS2/ZnO混掺光電元件各層間之相對能帶位置圖----------53 圖4-24 FeS2/ZnO混掺光電元件結構圖----------------------------------53 圖4-25 定電壓法ZnO奈米柱混掺FeS2層之SEM圖------------------54 圖4-26 定電壓法之ZnO與FeS2混掺全無機太陽電池I-V特性圖--54 圖4-27 鍍金脈衝法ZnO奈米柱混掺FeS2層之SEM圖---------------55 圖4-28 鍍金脈衝法之ZnO與FeS2混掺全無機太陽電池I-V特性圖-55 圖4-29 FeS2/P3HT混掺光電元件各層間之相對能帶位置-------------57 圖4-30 FeS2/PCBM/P3HT混掺光電元件結構圖--------------------------57 圖4-31 FeS2/PCBM/P3HT無機粒子/有機高分子混摻太陽電池之I-V 特性曲線量測---------------------------------------------------58 圖4-32 FeS2/P3HT混掺光電元件各層間之相對能帶位置-------------60 圖4-33 FeS2/P3HT混摻光電元件結構圖-----------------------------------60 圖4-28 FeS2/P3HT無機粒子/有機高分子混掺太陽電池之I-V特性曲 線量測------------------------------------------------------------------------61 圖4-29元件於不同波長光源時之外部量子效率-------------------------61 表4-1 CuFeS2 之EDX各元素含量分析--------------------------------39 表4-2 CuFeS2 之EDX各元素含量分析---------------------------------41 表4-3 CuFeS2 之EDX各元素含量分析---------------------------------44 表4-4 PCBM/P3HT/ FeS2混摻材料元件效率---------------------------58 表4-5 P3HT/ FeS2混摻材料元件效率------------------------------------60

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