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Author:	楊哲昌 Yang, Che-Chang
Thesis Title:	台灣產姬蛛亞科蜘蛛(蜘蛛目:姬蛛科)之分類研究 A Taxonomic Study on the Subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae: Theridiidae) of Taiwan
Advisor:	陳世煌 Chen, Shyh-Hwang 徐堉峰 Hsu, Yu-Feng
Degree:	碩士 Master
Department:	生命科學系 Department of Life Science
Thesis Publication Year:	2016
Academic Year:	104
Language:	中文
Number of pages:	354
Keywords (in Chinese):	蜘蛛目、姬蛛科、姬蛛亞科、新紀錄種、新種、台灣
Keywords (in English):	Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae, new records, new species, Taiwan
DOI URL:	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204303
Thesis Type:	Academic thesis/ dissertation
Reference times:	Clicks: 105 Downloads: 2
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姬蛛亞科(Theridiinae)為姬蛛科中最大的亞科，廣泛分布於世界各地。目前全球已知41屬1128種。常見於樹林、灌叢及人造建築角落，結條網或不規則網。姬蛛亞科的蜘蛛間疣消失且不具剛毛，雄蛛觸肢脛節上方具有較小的前側與後側觸毛，生殖板上方具有分散的雄孔上紡管。本研究檢視國立台灣師範大學生命科學系館藏標本，並至全台各地採集新鮮材料作為研究之用。採集時以目視法為主，掃網為輔，發現蜘蛛後以小型玻璃管捕捉，並以70%~75% 酒精固定保存。保存的標本將使用解剖顯微鏡(Leica M32)進行觀察、鑑定以及繪圖測量。本研究結果顯示台灣產姬蛛亞科蜘蛛共有13屬42種，其中Chrysso linchuanensis Zhu & Zhang, 1992 靈川麗蛛, Chr. bimaculata Yoshida, 1998 雙斑麗蛛, Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001a) 多班普雷尼克蛛, P. mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) 莫恩普雷尼克蛛, Nipponidion okinawense Yoshida, 2001a 沖繩日本蛛, N. yaeyamense (Yoshida, 1993) 石垣日本蛛, Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939) 湯高蛛和Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841) 琴尤諾蛛，共八種為台灣首次記錄。Chikunia nigriopsis 擬黑千國蛛, Chi. lanyuensis 蘭嶼千國蛛, Chrysso megapora 大孔麗蛛, Chr. taiwanensis 台灣麗蛛,和 Platnickina taiwanensis 台灣普雷尼克蛛，共五種為未描述之新種。此外Chikunia albipes (Saito, 1935) 多色千國蛛為排除種，Theridion elegantissimum Roewer, 1942 為疑問種。

Theridiinae, the biggest subfamily of Theridiidae, distributes widely around the world. Up to the present, a total of 41 genera and 1128 species have been recorded. They inhabit among the forests, shrubs and corners of man-made buildings with a three dimension web or a single line web. Subfamily Theridiinae is defined as: absence of colulus and its replacing by setae, reduction in both prolateral and retrolateral trichobothria on the male palpal tibia, and epiandrous gland spigots spread over genital plate. I examined all Theridiinae specimens housed in the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, and also collected fresh samples with bare eyes or with the aids of sweeping net from various localities of Taiwan. Spiders were captured by using small glass tubes, and preserved in 70%~75% ethyl alcohol for measurements and identification. Alcohol–preserved specimens were drawn and measured under a stereomicroscope (Leica M32). The result of present study shows that a total of 13 genera and 42 species of the subfamily Theridiinae were found from Taiwan, including 8 newly recorded species: Chrysso linchuanensis Zhu & Zhang, 1992, Chr. bimaculata Yoshida, 1998, Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001a), P. mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), Nipponidion okinawense Yoshida, 2001a, N. yaeyamense (Yoshida, 1993), Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939) and Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841), and 5 new species: Chikunia nigriopsis sp. nov., Chi. lanyuensis sp. nov., Chrysso megapora sp. nov., Chr. taiwanensis sp. nov. and Platnickina taiwanensis sp. nov. Besides, Chikunia albipes (Saito, 1935) is excluded from the spider fauna of Taiwan, and Theridion elegantissimum Roewer, 1942 is considered as a doubtful species in Taiwan.

目錄 ..........................i
圖目次 ........................vi
附錄目次.......................xi
中文摘要 ......................xii
英文摘要.......................xiv
壹、緒論 .......................1
貳、生活習性與型態特徵...........18
參、材料與方法..................27
肆、結果.......................29
Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 姬蛛科 ........31
Subfamily Theridiinae Sundevall, 1833 姬蛛亞科....31
Genus Campanicola Yoshida, 2015 吊鐘蛛屬..........34
Campanicola chitouensis Yoshida, 2015 溪頭吊鐘蛛...36
Campanicola formosana Yoshida, 2015 台灣吊鐘蛛.....39
Campanicola tanakai Yoshida, 2015 田中吊鐘蛛.......42
Genus Chikunia Yoshida, 2009 千國蛛屬..............46
Chikunia lanyuensis sp. nov. 蘭嶼千國蛛............48
Chikunia nigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1880) 黑千國蛛....51
Chikunia nigriopsis sp. nov. 擬黑千國蛛……...……….…..56
Genus Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 麗蛛屬....59
Chrysso argyrodiformis (Yaginuma, 1952) 小高麗蛛...63
Chrysso bimaculata Yoshida, 1998 雙斑麗蛛 .........68
Chrysso caudigera Yoshida, 1993 攜尾麗蛛 ..........71
Chrysso foliate (L. Koch, 1878) 斑點麗蛛 ..........73 Chrysso lativentris Yoshida, 1993 闊腹麗蛛 ........78
Chrysso linchuanensis Zhu & Zhang, 1992 靈川麗珠...82
Chrysso megapora sp. nov. 大孔麗蛛…….…………….........86
Chrysso octomaculata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
八斑麗珠...........................................89
Chrysso orchis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000
蘭嶼麗蛛…..……………………………………………......................…93
Chrysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão, 1917) 漂亮麗蛛….97
Chrysso scintillans (Thorell, 1895) 風雅麗蛛…………..100
Chrysso spiniventris (O. P.-Cambridge, 1869) 棘腹麗蛛
………………………………………………………..........................……105
Chrysso taiwanensis sp. nov. 台灣麗蛛……...……...…….110
Chrysso trimaculata Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991 三斑麗珠114
Chrysso viridiventris Yoshida, 1996 綠腹麗蛛………..…118
Genus Coleosoma (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) 鞘腹蛛屬
.................................................122
Coleosoma blandum O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 滑鞘腹蛛..123
Coleosoma floridanum Banks, 1900 佛羅鞘腹蛛……..…..126
Genus Meotipa Simon, 1894 美蒂蛛屬…………………........…130
Meotipa vesiculosa Simon, 1894 四泡美蒂蛛………...…..131
Genus Molione Thorell, 1892 齒腹蛛屬………………….......135
Molione triacantha Thorell, 1892 三棘齒腹蛛………...…136
Genus Nesticodes Archer, 1950 島蛛屬…………......…………139
Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846) 紅足島蛛……..………..140
Genus Nipponidion Yoshida, 2001a 日本蛛屬…………...….145
Nipponidion okinawense Yoshida, 2001a 沖繩日本蛛.…147
Nipponidion yaeyamense (Yoshida, 1993) 石垣日本蛛…151
Genus Parasteatoda Archer, 1946 擬肥腹蛛屬………...….154
Parasteatoda japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
日本擬肥腹蛛……………………………….....................……………157
Parasteatoda kentingensis Yoshida, 2015墾丁擬肥腹蛛
………………………………………………………..........................……162
Parasteatoda lanyuensis (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus,
2000) 蘭嶼擬肥腹蛛………………………..................…………….167
Parasteatoda quadrimaculata (Yoshida, Tso &
Severinghaus, 2000) 四斑擬肥腹蛛……..........……………….171
Parasteatoda ryukyu (Yoshida, 2000) 琉球擬肥腹蛛…..173
Parasteatoda taiwanica Yoshida, 2015 台灣擬肥腹蛛..178
Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841) 大擬肥腹蛛
………………………………………………...........................……………183
Genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 普雷尼克蛛屬.189
Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001a) 多斑普雷尼克蛛
………………………………………...........................……………………191
Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
莫恩普雷尼克蛛………………………….....................………….……196
Platnickina taiwanensis sp. nov. 台灣普雷尼克蛛……...200
Genus Takayus Yoshida, 2001a 高蛛屬................203
Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939) 湯高蛛............204
Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 姬蛛屬............208
Theridion elegantissimum Roewer, 1942 粉點姬蛛.....209
Theridion xianfengense Zhu & Song, 1992 咸豐姬蛛...211
Genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 尤諾蛛屬...........215
Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841) 琴尤諾蛛.....216
伍、參考文獻........................................219
陸、結論............................................246

圖目次

Figure 1. External features of subfamily Theridiinae……......................................247
Figure 2. External features and copulatory organ of subfamily Theridiinae………………………...........……….......248
Figure 3. External features of leg and hairs……………….249
Figure 4. Male palpal organ of subfamily Theridiinae
...................................................250
Figure 5. Campanicola chitouensis Yoshida, 2015, female…............................................251
Figure 6. Campanicola formosana Yoshida, 2015, male252
Figure 7. Campanicola tanakai Yoshida, 2015, female………….........................................253
Figure 8. Campanicola tanakai Yoshida, 2015, male……254
Figure 9. Chikunia lanyuensis sp. nov., female……………255
Figure 10. Chikunia nigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1880), female………..........................................256
Figure 11. Chikunia nigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1880), male……..........................................………257
Figure 12. Chikunia nigriopsis sp. nov., female…………258
Figure 13. Chrysso argyrodiformis (Yaginuma, 1952), female……...........................................259
Figure 14. Chrysso argyrodiformis (Yaginuma, 1952), male………...........................................…260
Figure 15. Chrysso bimaculata Yoshida, 1998, female………......................................……….261
Figure 16. Chrysso foliata (L. Koch, 1878), female.262
Figure 17. Chrysso foliata (L. Koch, 1878), male………263
Figure 18. Chrysso lativentris (Yoshida, 1993), female…............................................264
Figure 19. Chrysso lativentris (Yoshida, 1993), male…….............................................265
Figure 20. Chrysso lingchuanensis Zhu & Zhang, 1992, female……...........................................266
Figure 21. Chrysso lingchuanensis Zhu & Zhang, 1992, male………............................................267
Figure 22. Chrysso megapora sp. nov., female…………………268
Figure 23. Chrysso octomaculata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), female........................……………………………………269
Figure 24. Chrysso octomaculata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), male.................................………....270
Figure 25. Chrysso orchis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000,Female……………………………………………....................………271
Figure 26. Chrysso orchis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000, male.......................………………………………………………272
Figure 27. Chrysso pulcherrima Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000, male…………………......……………………………………273
Figure 28. Chrysso scintillans (Thorell, 1895), female……….....................................………..274
Figure 29. Chrysso scintillans (Thorell, 1895), male……………….......................................….275
Figure 30. Chrysso spiniventris (O. P.-Cambridge, 1869), female...........................................……276
Figure 31. Chrysso spiniventris (O. P.-Cambridge, 1869), male…….............................................277
Figure 32. Chrysso taiwanensis sp. nov., female…...278
Figure 33. Chrysso taiwanensis sp. nov., male………………279
Figure 34. Chrysso trimaculata Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991, female…..........................................….280
Figure 35. Chrysso trimaculata Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991, male……............................................…281
Figure 36. Chrysso viridiventris Yoshida, 1996, female……….......................................………282
Figure 37. Chrysso viridiventris Yoshida, 1996, male……………….........................................283
Figure 38. Coleosoma floridanum Banks, 1900, female284
Figure 39. Coleosoma floridanum Banks, 1900, male……285
Figure 40. Meotipa vesiculosa Simon, 1895, female……286
Figure 41. Meotipa vesiculosa Simon, 1895, male……….287
Figure 42. Molione triacantha Thorell, 1892, female288
Figure 43. Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846), female289
Figure 44. Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846), male……290
Figure 45. Nipponidion okinawense Yoshida, 2001a, female……..........................................…291
Figure 46. Nipponidion okinawense Yoshida, 2001a, male………..........................................….292
Figure 47. Nipponidion yaeyamense (Yoshida, 1993), female………..........................................293
Figure 48. Parasteatoda japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), female..................................…………294
Figure 49. Parasteatoda japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), male........................................295
Figure 50. Parasteatoda kentingensis Yoshida, 2015, female………...........................................296
Figure 51. Parasteatoda kentingensis Yoshida, 2015, male…………............................................297
Figure 52. Parasteatoda lanyuensis (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000),female…………...................…….298
Figure 53. Parasteatoda lanyuensis (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000), male………………………………......………………………299
Figure 54. Parasteatoda ryukyu (Yoshida, 2000), female..............................................300
Figure 55. Parasteatoda ryukyu (Yoshida, 2000), male................................................301
Figure 56. Parasteatoda taiwanica Yoshida, 2015, female..............................................302
Figure 57. Parasteatoda taiwanica Yoshida, 2015, male................................................303
Figure 58. Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841), female….............................................304
Figure 59. Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841), male……..............................................305
Figure 60. Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001a), female……..……........................................306
Figure 61. Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001a), male…………...........................................…307
Figure 62. Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), female….............................................308
Figure 63. Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), male……..............................................309
Figure 64. Platnickina taiwanensis sp. nov., female………………….......................................310
Figure 65. Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939), female..............................................311
Figure 66. Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939), male...312
Figure 67. Theridion xianfengense Zhu & Song, 1992, female..............................................313
Figure 68. Theridion xianfengense Zhu & Song, 1992, male…………............................................314
Figure 69. Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841), female…………..........................................315
Figure 70. Collecting locations of Campanicola chitouensis and C. formosana in Taiwan.…………………......316
Figure 71. Collecting locations of Campanicola tanakai in Taiwan...........................................…..317
Figure 72. Collecting locations of Chikunia lanyuensis and C. nigriopsis in Taiwan……………......……………………………………318
Figure 73. Collecting locations of Chikunia nigra in Taiwan…..........................................………319
Figure 74. Collecting locations of Chrysso argyrodiformis and C. bimaculata in Taiwan….....………………….......……………320
Figure 75. Collecting locations of Chrysso foliate in Taiwan……..........................................……321
Figure 76. Collecting locations of Chrysso lativentris in Taiwan..........................................……..322
Figure 77. Collecting locations of Chrysso linchuanensis and C. megapora in Taiwan………………………..........……………...323
Figure 78. Collecting locations of Chrysso octomaculata, C. orchis and C. pulcherrima in Taiwan……...........…324
Figure 79. Collecting locations of Chrysso scintillans in Taiwan...........................................…….325
Figure 80. Collecting locations of Chrysso spiniventris in Taiwan…..........................................326
Figure 81. Collecting locations of Chrysso taiwanensis and C. trimaculata in Taiwan……………….......…………………....327
Figure 82. Collecting locations of Chrysso viridiventris in Taiwan…..........................................328
Figure 83. Collecting locations of Coleosoma floridanum, Meotipa vesiculosa and Molione triacantha in Taiwan..............................................329
Figure 84. Collecting locations of Nesticodes rufipes in Taiwan….…...........................................330
Figure 85. Collecting locations of Nipponidion okinawense and N. yaeyamens in Taiwan…...…………...…….......………………331
Figure 86. Collecting locations of Parasteatoda japonica in Taiwan…..........................................332
Figure 87. Collecting locations of Parasteatoda kentingensis and P. lanyuensis in Taiwan….………….……………333
Figure 88. Collecting locations of Parasteatoda ryukyu in Taiwan….............................................334
Figure 89. Collecting locations of Parasteatoda taiwanica in Taiwan.........................…………………………………………..335
Figure 90. Collecting locations of Parasteatoda tepidariorum in Taiwan......……………………………………………………....336
Figure 91. Collecting locations of Platnickina maculata in Taiwan…..........................................337
Figure 92. Collecting locations of Platnickina mneon and P. taiwanensis in Taiwan……………………..…………............….338
Figure 93. Collecting locations of Takayus takayensis in Taiwan……............................................339
Figure 94. Collecting locations of Theridion xianfengense and Yunohamella lyrica in Taiwan.…………………….........……340

附錄目次

Appendix 1. Collecting locations in Chinese and English……….......................................…….341

Appendix 2. A checklist of Theridiinae from Taiwan……351
                                

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